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El riesgo de colisión de buques amenaza a las ballenas en todos los océanos del mundo

Anna C Nisi¹, Heather Welch^2,3, Stephanie Brodie⁴

¹Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 21, 2024

Resumen

Las colisiones de barcos son una gran amenaza para las grandes ballenas en todo el mundo. El manejo dirigido en solo el 2,6% del océano podría reducir significativamente los riesgos de colisión de ballenas con buques.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología marina
Ciencias de la conservación
La oceanografía

Sus antecedentes:

La caza comercial de ballenas ha disminuido, lo que hace que los ataques de barcos sean la principal amenaza para las grandes poblaciones de ballenas.
Comprender el riesgo global de colisión entre ballenas y buques es crucial para una conservación efectiva, sin embargo, los datos son limitados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para crear modelos de distribución global para cuatro especies de ballenas.
Para estimar el riesgo mundial de colisiones entre ballenas y barcos.
Identificar las áreas en las que las estrategias de gestión pueden mitigar los riesgos de colisión.

Principales métodos:

Recopiló más de 435.000 ubicaciones de ballenas para modelar la distribución de las especies.
Analizado más de 35 mil millones de posiciones de la nave para estimar el riesgo de colisión.
Cartografiado el tráfico marítimo contra la distribución de ballenas para identificar las áreas de alto riesgo.

Principales resultados:

Las rutas marítimas se superponen con el 92% de los rangos de ballenas estudiados.
Menos del 7% de los puntos críticos de riesgo de colisión identificados tienen actualmente estrategias de gestión.
La gestión eficaz podría lograrse cubriendo sólo el 2,6% de la superficie del océano.

Conclusiones:

Las colisiones entre ballenas y buques representan una amenaza significativa que requiere estrategias de gestión globales.
Los esfuerzos de conservación específicos en los puntos críticos identificados pueden reducir eficazmente los riesgos de colisión.
La reducción de los riesgos de colisión es vital para la recuperación de las grandes poblaciones de ballenas en medio del aumento de la actividad marítima.

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