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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

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Los microbiomas del suelo muestran respuestas consistentes y predecibles a eventos extremos

Christopher G Knight1, Océane Nicolitch2, Rob I Griffiths3,4

  • 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. chris.knight@manchester.ac.uk.

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Los microbios del suelo muestran respuestas consistentes a eventos climáticos extremos como el calor, la sequía, las inundaciones y el congelamiento. Comprender estos cambios en el microbioma del suelo es clave para predecir los impactos en los ecosistemas y desarrollar estrategias de resiliencia al cambio climático.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología
  • Microbiología
  • Ciencias del medio ambiente

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los fenómenos climáticos extremos representan una amenaza significativa para el funcionamiento del ecosistema terrestre.
  • Los microbios del suelo son reguladores críticos de los procesos biogeoquímicos, lo que hace que su respuesta a los extremos climáticos sea vital para las predicciones del ecosistema.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la respuesta de las comunidades microbianas del suelo y sus funciones ante diversos fenómenos climáticos extremos.
  • Determinar si los microbiomas del suelo comparten respuestas unificadas a los extremos climáticos e identificar los factores que influyen en la vulnerabilidad.

Principales métodos:

  • Los suelos de 30 praderas europeas fueron sometidos a tratamientos controlados de sequía, inundación, congelación y calor.
  • Se compararon las comunidades microbianas del suelo y su funcionamiento entre los suelos tratados con eventos extremos y los controles no perturbados.
  • Se analizó la expresión génica relacionada con la latencia, la esporulación y la versatilidad metabólica.

Principales resultados:

  • Los microbiomas del suelo mostraron una respuesta consistente y filogenéticamente conservada a través de eventos extremos impuestos.
  • El tratamiento térmico tuvo un impacto más significativo en los microbiomas del suelo, aumentando los genes de latencia / esporulación y reduciendo la versatilidad metabólica.
  • La vulnerabilidad al estrés térmico era predecible en función del clima y las propiedades del suelo locales, y las condiciones no nativas suponían mayores riesgos.

Conclusiones:

  • Los microbiomas del suelo demuestran respuestas compartidas a eventos climáticos extremos a nivel mundial.
  • La predicción de la magnitud de los desplazamientos de las comunidades microbianas requiere considerar las condiciones climáticas locales y las características del suelo.
  • Esta investigación proporciona información fundamental para predecir los impactos más amplios de los eventos climáticos extremos en el funcionamiento del suelo.