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Los nitratos de isopreno impulsan la formación de nuevas partículas en la troposfera superior del Amazonas
Joachim Curtius1, Martin Heinritzi2, Lisa J Beck2
1Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. curtius@iau.uni-frankfurt.de.
Nature
|December 5, 2024
Resumen
Nueva formación de partículas en el Amazonas
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química de la atmósfera
- Ciencias del clima
- Ciencia de los aerosoles
Sus antecedentes:
- La formación de nuevas partículas (NPF) es una fuente clave de aerosoles atmosféricos a nivel mundial.
- El NPF en la troposfera superior tropical es significativo pero poco conocido.
- Estudios anteriores identificaron el NPF sobre el Amazonas, pero carecían de detalles sobre el mecanismo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar el mecanismo de nucleación y los precursores químicos del NPF en la troposfera superior amazónica.
- Investigar el papel de los productos de oxidación del isopreno en la conducción del NPF.
- Comprender las condiciones que promueven el NPF y su impacto posterior.
Principales métodos:
- Mediciones exhaustivas realizadas por aviones in situ en la troposfera superior del Amazonas.
- Análisis de los gases precursores, los productos de oxidación y la formación/crecimiento de partículas.
- Análisis del ciclo diurno de gases y partículas.
Principales resultados:
- Los productos de oxidación extremadamente poco volátiles del isopreno, específicamente los organonitratos, impulsan el NPF.
- El NPF está relacionado con la oxidación iniciada por OH del isopreno y los óxidos de nitrógeno producidos por rayos.
- Las explosiones de nucleación ocurren después del amanecer en el flujo de salida de convección profunda, alcanzando > 50.000 partículas / cm3.
Conclusiones:
- Una interacción única de isopreno biogénico, convección profunda, relámpagos, fotoquímica y bajas temperaturas promueve el NPF.
- Las partículas formadas crecen, transportan largas distancias y descienden, actuando potencialmente como núcleos de condensación de nubes (CCN).
- Este proceso influye en el ciclo hidrológico de la Tierra, el presupuesto de radiación y el clima.
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