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Los primeros genomas humanos modernos limitan el tiempo de mezcla de Neanderthal
Arev P Sümer1, Hélène Rougier2, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco3,4
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. arev_suemer@eva.mpg.de.
Nature
|December 12, 2024
Resumen
Los primeros humanos modernos en Europa, hace unos 45.000 años, estaban vinculados a los neandertales. El análisis genético revela que estos antiguos individuos pertenecían a un solo y profundo linaje fuera de África.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleogenómica
- La evolución del hombre
- La prehistoria europea
Sus antecedentes:
- Los humanos modernos (Homo sapiens) llegaron a Europa hace más de 45.000 años, coexistiendo con los neandertales durante milenios.
- Los datos genómicos anteriores indicaron al menos dos grupos humanos modernos tempranos en Europa (Zlatý kůň y Bacho Kiro).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar los antiguos genomas de Ilsenhöhle, Alemania, y Zlatý kůň, Chequia, para entender las primeras poblaciones humanas modernas en Europa.
- Investigar las relaciones genéticas y la estructura de la población de los primeros humanos modernos en Europa.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación de todo el genoma de alta y baja cobertura de restos humanos fechados hace aproximadamente 45,000 años.
- Análisis bioinformático del ADN antiguo para determinar las relaciones familiares y la mezcla de Neanderthal.
Principales resultados:
- Los individuos Ranis y Zlatý kůň eran parientes lejanos, pertenecientes a la misma población pequeña y aislada.
- Esta población representa la divergencia más profunda conocida del linaje fuera de África.
- Los segmentos de ADN de Neandertal en los genomas de Ranis indican un solo evento de mezcla hace alrededor de 45,000-49,000 años, compartido por todas las poblaciones no africanas.
Conclusiones:
- Los primeros humanos modernos en Europa formaban parte de una población única y muy divergente.
- Los hallazgos sugieren una población ancestral común para todos los no africanos secuenciados hace alrededor de 45,000-49,000 años.
- Los primeros restos humanos modernos de más de 50,000 años fuera de África pueden representar poblaciones distintas.
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