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The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

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The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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µTongue: A Microfluidics-Based Functional Imaging Platform for the Tongue In Vivo
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Un mapa colícular para el control de la lengua guiado por tacto

Brendan S Ito1, Yongjie Gao2, Brian Kardon2

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. itobrendan@gmail.com.

Nature
|January 1, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Los comportamientos orientados a objetivos precisos dependen de la integración del tacto con la posición del cuerpo. El colículo superior lateral (latSC) es crucial para el control dinámico de la lengua guiado por el tacto, actuando como un mapa mecanicosensorial.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Integración sensorial y motora
  • Comportamiento animal

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los comportamientos dirigidos a objetivos requieren la integración de información táctil con la propriocepción y el movimiento.
  • El control dinámico de la lengua durante comportamientos como masticar y hablar se basa en eventos táctiles precisos, pero los circuitos neuronales subyacentes son desconocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los circuitos neuronales responsables del control dinámico de la lengua guiado por el tacto.
  • Determinar el papel del colículo superior lateral (latSC) en la integración de la información táctil y propioceptiva para el movimiento de la lengua.

Principales métodos:

  • Videografía de alta velocidad para analizar la cinemática lingüística tridimensional en ratones.
  • Experimentos de fotoinactivación para evaluar la función de las áreas corticales y subcorticales.
  • Registros electrofisiológicos para caracterizar la actividad neuronal en el latSC.
  • El rastreo viral y la microestimulación óptica para mapear las vías neuronales y la organización funcional.

Principales resultados:

  • Los ratones integraron el tacto y la posición de la lengua para volver a apuntar las lamidas cuando un chorro de agua se movió inesperadamente.
  • Fotoinactivación del latSC, pero no de las áreas corticales, deterioro de la reorientación guiada por tacto.
  • Las neuronas latSC exhibieron campos receptivos mecanosensoriales y codificaron la posición de la lengua.
  • El latSC contiene un mapa topográfico para apuntar licks, recibiendo entradas del núcleo trigémino lingüal.

Conclusiones:

  • El colículo superior lateral (latSC) juega un papel crítico en el control dinámico de la lengua guiado por el tacto.
  • El latSC funciona como un mapa mecano-sensoriomotor, integrando información táctil y propioceptiva para movimientos precisos de la lengua.
  • Estos hallazgos revelan un mecanismo colicular para comportamientos de orientación guiados por el tacto, análogo a las vías visuomotrices conocidas.