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Las variantes estructurales antiguas controlan las transformaciones del tiempo de floración específicas del sexo en

Jeffrey S Groh^1,2, Diane C Vik¹, Matthew Davis³

¹Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 2, 2025

Resumen

Las estrategias de reproducción sexual en las nueces y las hicorrías están moldeadas por antiguos polimorfismos de ADN que controlan el orden de floración. Estos mecanismos genéticos, de más de 37 millones de años, revelan patrones de herencia conservados en las plantas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva
Genética vegetal
Estrategias de reproducción

Sus antecedentes:

Los polimorfismos de tipo de apareamiento proporcionan información sobre la reproducción sexual.
Las plantas hermafroditas en Juglandaceae, como las nueces (Juglans) y las hicarías (Carya), exhiben heterodichogamia (un dimorfismo 1: 1 para el orden de floración masculino frente al femenino).

Objetivo del estudio:

Trazar un mapa de los mecanismos genéticos subyacentes a la heterodichogamia en las juglandaceas.
Investigar la historia evolutiva y la conservación de estas estrategias reproductivas.

Principales métodos:

Mapeo de los mecanismos de herencia mendelianos a los antiguos polimorfismos estructurales del ADN.
Análisis de la expresión génica y las secuencias de ADN en Juglans y Carya.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron dos mecanismos de herencia mendelianos distintos, vinculados a los antiguos polimorfismos del ADN (> 37 millones de años).
En Juglans, la floración femenina está asociada con repeticiones en tándem en el 3' UTR de un gen del metabolismo de la trehalosa-6-fosfato, que influye en la expresión del gen cis.
El locus de Carya involucra ~ 20 genes sintéticos y muestra firmas de evolución similar a los cromosomas sexuales.

Conclusiones:

Los mecanismos de herencia para la heterodichogamia están profundamente conservados en los linajes antiguos.
Si bien se conservan, estos mecanismos ocasionalmente pueden experimentar una rotación, similar a los procesos de determinación del sexo.

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