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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

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Osteoartritis y otras enfermedades

Margreet Kloppenburg1, Mosedi Namane2, Flavia Cicuttini3

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

Lancet (London, England)
|January 4, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El tratamiento de la osteoartritis se enfrenta a desafíos a pesar de los avances en la comprensión de sus causas. Se necesitan nuevos tratamientos para abordar los síntomas y el daño estructural, y la orientación a la inflamación es prometedora.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Reumatología y salud musculoesquelética
  • La genética y la investigación del microbioma
  • Tratamiento y terapia del dolor

Sus antecedentes:

  • La osteoartritis (OA) es una carga de salud global creciente, impulsada por el envejecimiento y la obesidad.
  • La comprensión de la etiología ha avanzado, incluida la genética, el microbioma y los mecanismos del dolor.
  • Los tratamientos actuales a menudo se centran en el alivio de los síntomas, con opciones limitadas de modificación de la enfermedad.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar la comprensión actual de la etiología de la osteoartritis y los desafíos de su manejo.
  • Destacar la necesidad de nuevos tratamientos dirigidos tanto a los síntomas como a la progresión estructural.
  • Explorar las estrategias terapéuticas emergentes, como los enfoques antiinflamatorios.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura sobre los avances recientes en la investigación de la osteoartritis.
  • Análisis de la eficacia y las limitaciones del tratamiento actual.
  • Síntesis de pruebas sobre nuevos objetivos y enfoques terapéuticos.

Principales resultados:

  • A pesar de la mejora de los conocimientos sobre la etiología, los nuevos tratamientos para la OA siguen siendo escasos.
  • Se está reevaluando la eficacia de algunos tratamientos establecidos, como el ejercicio y la pérdida de peso.
  • Dirigirse a la inflamación es prometedor, particularmente para la osteoartritis de la mano.

Conclusiones:

  • El tratamiento eficaz de la osteoartritis requiere enfoques personalizados teniendo en cuenta los factores del paciente.
  • La investigación continua es crucial para el desarrollo de medicamentos para la osteoartritis modificadores de la enfermedad (DMOAD).
  • Las terapias dirigidas a la inflamación representan una vía prometedora para el tratamiento de la OA.