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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Las dinámicas bidireccionales de monoaminilación de histonas regulan la ritmicidad neural

Qingfei Zheng1,2, Benjamin H Weekley3, David A Vinson3

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine and Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Nature
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

La transglutaminasa 2 (TG2) modifica la histona H3 en Gln5 con varios grupos químicos, incluida la histaminación. Esta marca epigenética regula la expresión génica, los ritmos circadianos y el comportamiento en el cerebro.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La epigenética
  • La neurociencia
  • Biología molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las monoaminilaciones de histona H3 en Gln5 (H3Q5) son marcas epigenéticas cruciales para la expresión génica en el cerebro.
  • La transglutaminasa 2 (TG2) cataliza la serotonilación (H3Q5ser) y la dopaminilación (H3Q5dop) de H3Q5, afectando los estados de la cromatina.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de TG2 en la monoaminulación H3 más allá de la serotonilación y la dopaminulación.
  • Para explorar la función de la histaminización H3Q5 (H3Q5his) en el cerebro.
  • Para aclarar los mecanismos reguladores de la expresión y el comportamiento de los genes circadianos.

Principales métodos:

  • Ensayos bioquímicos para determinar las actividades enzimáticas del TG2.
  • Inmunoprecipitación de la cromatina para analizar las modificaciones de H3Q5.
  • Estudios sobre la expresión génica, los ritmos circadianos y el comportamiento en modelos animales.

Principales resultados:

  • TG2 también funciona como borradora e intercambiador de monoaminilaciones de H3, incluido H3Q5his.
  • H3Q5his exhibe ritmicidad diurna en el cerebro e influye en la expresión y el comportamiento de los genes circadianos.
  • H3Q5his antagoniza la actividad de la metiltransferasa H3K4 al inhibir la unión WDR5, a diferencia del H3Q5ser.

Conclusiones:

  • TG2 integra las señales químicas para modular los estados epigenéticos, impactando la ritmicidad neural.
  • Las monoaminilaciones de H3Q5 representan una capa epigenética dinámica regulada por TG2.
  • La interacción entre diferentes modificaciones de H3Q5 ajusta la expresión génica y las funciones neuronales.