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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Flujo lineal y viscoso de hielo templado

Collin M Schohn1, Neal R Iverson1, Lucas K Zoet2

  • 1Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.

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Resumen

El hielo de los glaciares templados se comporta como un material lineal-viscoso, no no lineal como se suponía anteriormente. Este hallazgo, basado en experimentos de deformación por corte, impacta las predicciones de aumento del nivel del mar.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Glaciología
  • Física del hielo
  • Ciencias del clima

Sus antecedentes:

  • El modelado preciso de la deformación de los glaciares templados es crucial para predecir el aumento del nivel del mar.
  • Los modelos actuales a menudo se basan en la ley de flujo de Glen, asumiendo la viscosidad no lineal del hielo (n = 3-4).
  • El hielo templado contiene agua líquida en los límites de los granos, lo que influye en su comportamiento mecánico.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el comportamiento reológico del hielo de los glaciares templados en condiciones realistas de estrés y contenido de agua.
  • Para determinar el exponente de velocidad de deformación (n) para el hielo templado.
  • Evaluar las implicaciones de la viscosidad del hielo observada para el modelado de la capa de hielo.

Principales métodos:

  • Realizó experimentos de deformación a gran escala en el hielo de los glaciares templados.
  • Contenido de agua líquida variado y tensión aplicada dentro de rangos relevantes para los lechos de los glaciares y los márgenes de las corrientes de hielo.
  • Se analizó la relación entre el esfuerzo y la tasa de deformación para determinar el exponente de viscosidad (n).

Principales resultados:

  • El hielo glaciar templado exhibió un comportamiento lineal-viscoso (n ≈ 1.0) en las condiciones probadas.
  • Esto contrasta fuertemente con la viscosidad no lineal (n=3-4) asumida en la ley de flujo de Glen.
  • La linealidad observada se atribuyó a la fusión por presión difusiva y la congelación en los límites de los granos.

Conclusiones:

  • La naturaleza lineal y viscosa del hielo templado desafía los modelos de flujo de hielo existentes.
  • Este hallazgo puede ayudar a estabilizar las predicciones de la respuesta de la capa de hielo al cambio climático.
  • Los modelos revisados que incorporan la viscosidad lineal podrían mejorar las proyecciones de aumento del nivel del mar.