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Los materiales de construcción podrían almacenar más de 16 000 millones de toneladas de CO2 al año
Elisabeth Van Roijen1, Sabbie A Miller1, Steven J Davis2
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 9, 2025
Resumen
Los materiales de construcción pueden almacenar cantidades significativas de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Sustituir los materiales convencionales por alternativas de almacenamiento de CO2 podría secuestrar el 50% de las emisiones anuales, ayudando a alcanzar los objetivos de cero emisiones netas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Mitigación del cambio climático
Sus antecedentes:
- El logro de emisiones netas cero requiere tanto la reducción de emisiones como la eliminación de dióxido de carbono (CO2).
- La captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CCS) es crucial para la mitigación del cambio climático.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar el potencial anual de almacenamiento de CO2 en los materiales de construcción.
- Evaluar la viabilidad del uso de materiales de construcción como sumidero de carbono.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la capacidad de almacenamiento de CO2 de los materiales de construcción alternativos.
- Modelado del potencial de secuestro de CO2 basado en escalas de desarrollo de infraestructuras.
Principales resultados:
- El reemplazo de los materiales de construcción convencionales por alternativas de almacenamiento de CO2 en nuevas infraestructuras podría secuestrar hasta 16,6 ± 2,8 mil millones de toneladas de CO2 al año.
- Este potencial representa aproximadamente el 50% de las emisiones globales de CO2 antropogénicas en 2021.
- El potencial de almacenamiento depende más de la escala de uso del material que del contenido de carbono por unidad de masa.
Conclusiones:
- Los materiales de construcción ofrecen una reserva sustancial para el almacenamiento de CO2, lo que contribuye a la mitigación del cambio climático.
- La creciente demanda de materiales de construcción puede expandir naturalmente esta capacidad de almacenamiento de carbono.
- El uso de materiales de construcción para el almacenamiento de CO2 puede reducir la dependencia de métodos de almacenamiento más caros o riesgosos como el secuestro geológico, terrestre o oceánico.
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