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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Phase I biotransformation, or functionalization, is a crucial chemical process that converts drugs and other xenobiotics into more water-soluble forms, facilitating expulsion from the body. It involves oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic reactions that add or unveil polar functional groups on lipophilic substrates. Key players in phase I reactions are the mixed-function oxidases. Situated in liver cell microsomes, these enzymes predominantly carry out drug metabolism. They require molecular...
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

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Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
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Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy
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La tensión molecular acelera la transferencia de electrones para mejorar la reducción de oxígeno

Charles B Musgrave1, Jianjun Su2, Pei Xiong3

  • 1Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 17, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

La tensión local en los catalizadores de hierro-nitrógeno-carbono (Fe-N-C) mejora significativamente la cinética de la reacción de reducción de oxígeno (ORR). Esta cepa molecular mejora el rendimiento del catalizador para aplicaciones de energía renovable.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • La electroquímica
  • Química computacional

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los materiales de hierro-nitrógeno-carbono (Fe-N-C) son alternativas prometedoras a los catalizadores de platino para la reacción de reducción de oxígeno (ORR).
  • La cinética ORR lenta en los materiales Fe-N-C conduce a altos sobrepotenciales, lo que limita su eficiencia en los dispositivos de conversión de energía.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el efecto de la tensión molecular local en el rendimiento ORR de los catalizadores Fe-N-C.
  • Elucidar el mecanismo por el cual la tensión influye en la cinética de la ORR utilizando la ftalacianina de hierro (FePc) como sistema modelo.

Principales métodos:

  • Cálculos de la teoría funcional de la densidad (DFT) para predecir el mecanismo ORR y las barreras energéticas.
  • Síntesis experimental y caracterización electroquímica de catalizadores de FePc tensados en nanotubos de carbono de pared única.
  • Integración del catalizador optimizado en una batería de zinc-aire para la evaluación del rendimiento.

Principales resultados:

  • Los cálculos de DFT revelaron que la tensión molecular acelera la desorción reductora de *OH al disminuir la barrera de energía en aproximadamente 60 meV.
  • Experimentalmente, el FePc tensado logró un potencial de media onda (E1/2) de 0.952 V y una pendiente Tafel de 35.7 mV dec-1, competitivo con los catalizadores Fe-N-C de última generación.
  • Se observó un desplazamiento de 70 mV en E1 / 2 y pendientes de Tafel distintas para configuraciones de FePc planas versus curvas, alineadas con las predicciones teóricas.

Conclusiones:

  • La tensión molecular es una estrategia eficaz para mejorar la actividad ORR de los materiales Fe-N-C.
  • Los resultados proporcionan una vía para diseñar catalizadores de alto rendimiento para aplicaciones de energía renovable mediante el control de la estructura del catalizador.
  • El catalizador de FePc tensado demostró un excelente rendimiento en una batería de zinc-aire, logrando una densidad de potencia máxima de 350,6 mW cm-2.