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La recuperación del tigre en medio de la gente y la pobreza
Yadvendradev V Jhala1, Ninad Avinash Mungi1,2, Rajesh Gopal3
1Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India.
Resumen
La India
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología de la conservación
- Ecología de la vida silvestre
- Ecología del sur de Asia
Sus antecedentes:
- La recuperación de los grandes carnívoros es un importante desafío de conservación mundial.
- La alta población humana de la India presenta una dinámica socio-ecológica única para la recuperación de la megafauna.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar los factores socioecológicos de la recuperación del tigre (Panthera tigris) en la India.
- Comprender los factores que influyen en la ocupación y expansión del área de tigre en un paisaje dominado por el hombre.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las tendencias de ocupación de tigres durante dos décadas.
- Evaluación del uso del hábitat en relación con las áreas protegidas y las poblaciones humanas.
- Correlación entre la ausencia de tigres y los factores socioeconómicos y de uso de la tierra.
Principales resultados:
- La ocupación de tigres en la India aumentó en un 30% en 20 años, cubriendo aproximadamente 138.200 km2.
- Los tigres ocuparon áreas protegidas y se expandieron a hábitats adyacentes compartidos por los humanos.
- La extinción del tigre estaba relacionada con el conflicto armado, la pobreza y el cambio en el uso de la tierra.
Conclusiones:
- El ahorro de tierras para los tigres facilitó el reparto de tierras cuando la prosperidad socioeconómica y la estabilidad política estaban presentes.
- La recuperación de los tigres de la India ofrece un modelo para la recuperación de la megafauna en el Sur Global.
- La recuperación exitosa requiere equilibrar la conservación con las necesidades humanas y condiciones socio-políticas estables.
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