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La inundación de Sikkim de octubre de 2023: impulsores, causas e impactos de una cascada de múltiples peligros
Ashim Sattar1, Kristen L Cook2,3, Shashi Kant Rai4
1School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 30, 2025
Resumen
Un colapso masivo de la morrena en el Himalaya de Sikkim causó una inundación de brote de lago glacial (GLOF), lo que provocó una ola similar a un tsunami y una infraestructura devastadora. Este evento pone de relieve la necesidad urgente de abordar los impactos del cambio climático en la gestión de riesgos del GLOF.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente
- Ciencias del clima
- Gestión de desastres
Sus antecedentes:
- Una catastrófica cascada de múltiples peligros ocurrió en el Himalaya de Sikkim el 3 de octubre de 2023.
- El evento fue iniciado por el colapso de una morrena lateral congelada en el Lago Lhonak Sur.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar las causas y consecuencias de la cascada multihazard Sikkim Himalaya.
- Subrayar el papel del cambio climático y las actividades humanas en la exacerbación de tales desastres.
- Proporcionar perspectivas para mejorar la política, los sistemas de alerta temprana y la gestión de riesgos GLOF.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis del colapso de la morrena y la posterior inundación del lago glacial (GLOF).
- Evaluación de la onda de impacto, el drenaje del lago y la erosión de los sedimentos.
- Evaluación del daño económico e infraestructural a lo largo del río Teesta.
Principales resultados:
- El colapso de una morrena de 14,7 millones de metros cúbicos generó una ola similar a un tsunami de unos 20 metros.
- Aproximadamente 50 millones de metros cúbicos de agua del lago fueron liberados, causando una importante erosión.
- El GLOF abrumó la infraestructura, incluidas las instalaciones hidroeléctricas, lo que provocó daños sustanciales.
Conclusiones:
- El evento Sikkim Himalaya sirve como un estudio de caso crítico para comprender las cascadas de múltiples peligros.
- Es necesaria una reflexión urgente sobre el cambio climático y las actividades humanas para mitigar los riesgos futuros del GLOF.
- Los sistemas de alerta temprana mejorados y las estrategias de gestión de riesgos adaptativas son cruciales para los entornos de montaña.
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