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El surgimiento de oscilaciones colectivas en multitudes humanas masivas
François Gu1, Benjamin Guiselin1, Nicolas Bain2
1ENS de Lyon, CNRS, LPENSL, UMR5672, Lyon, France.
Nature
|February 5, 2025
Resumen
Las multitudes densas pueden auto-organizarse inesperadamente en osciladores quirales. Este descubrimiento revela nuevos conocimientos sobre la dinámica de las multitudes y podría ayudar a predecir los comportamientos peligrosos de las multitudes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La física
- Sociología
- Sistemas complejos
Sus antecedentes:
- Las multitudes densas presentan riesgos significativos, incluida la asfixia y las muertes, debido al movimiento colectivo incontrolado.
- Los modelos actuales de dinámica de multitudes a menudo son heurísticos y no logran explicar el comportamiento de multitudes grandes y densas.
- Comprender la dinámica emergente en multitudes densas es un gran desafío en la física de muchos cuerpos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar y explicar experimentalmente la dinámica de los primeros principios de las multitudes densas en confinamiento.
- Desarrollar una teoría física para comportamientos emergentes en multitudes de peatones a gran escala.
- Identificar posibles métodos para predecir eventos de multitudes peligrosas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la dinámica de las multitudes usando miles de personas en el festival de San Fermín.
- Desarrollo de un modelo mecánico basado en observaciones experimentales y principios de simetría.
- Investigación de las fuerzas de fricción impares emergentes y las transiciones de fase no recíprocas.
Principales resultados:
- Las multitudes densas se autoorganizan en osciladores quirales macroscópicos con movimiento orbital coordinado.
- Un modelo físico explica con éxito el surgimiento de las oscilaciones quirales colectivas.
- Se observaron dinámicas quirales similares en el desastre de Love Parade en 2010.
Conclusiones:
- Las multitudes densas exhiben dinámicas quirales colectivas emergentes impulsadas por fuerzas de fricción extrañas.
- La teoría física desarrollada proporciona una explicación cuantitativa para estos comportamientos complejos.
- Los hallazgos ofrecen un protocolo potencial para anticipar y mitigar eventos de multitudes peligrosas.
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