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El canto de la ballena muestra una estructura estadística parecida al lenguaje

Inbal Arnon¹, Simon Kirby², Jenny A Allen^3,4

¹Psychology Department, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 6, 2025

Resumen

Las canciones de ballenas jorobadas comparten una estructura estadística única con el lenguaje humano, lo que sugiere que la transmisión cultural da forma a la comunicación en diversas especies. Este hallazgo pone de relieve el papel del aprendizaje en el desarrollo de sistemas de comunicación complejos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

La bioacústica
Comunicación de los animales
Biología evolutiva

Sus antecedentes:

El canto de la ballena jorobada es un comportamiento transmitido culturalmente.
El lenguaje humano exhibe partes estadísticamente coherentes con distribuciones de frecuencia de ley de poder, lo que facilita la transmisión cultural.
Estas propiedades pueden ser cruciales para la transmisión fiel de información a través de generaciones.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar si el canto de las ballenas jorobadas posee estructuras estadísticas similares al lenguaje humano.
Explorar el papel de la transmisión y el aprendizaje culturales en la evolución de los sistemas de comunicación.

Principales métodos:

Métodos aplicados análogos a la segmentación del habla infantil.
Analizaron 8 años de grabaciones de ballenas jorobadas.

Principales resultados:

Identificó la misma estructura estadística en el canto de la ballena que se observa en el lenguaje humano.
Demostró una similitud en los sistemas de comunicación entre dos especies evolutivamente distantes.

Conclusiones:

La transmisión cultural y el aprendizaje juegan un papel importante en la aparición de propiedades de comunicación complejas.
Las características anteriormente consideradas únicas del lenguaje humano pueden surgir de presiones evolutivas similares en otras especies.