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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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What is Conservation Biology?01:57

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What is Biodiversity?01:19

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Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
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Conservation of Small Populations02:04

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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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Updated: May 28, 2025

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Pérdida global de biodiversidad por la deforestación externa

R Alex Wiebe1, David S Wilcove2,3,4

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. rwiebe@princeton.edu.

Nature
|February 12, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Los países desarrollados causan una pérdida significativa de la gama de vertebrados forestales en el extranjero a través del consumo. Este estudio traza un mapa global de los puntos críticos de biodiversidad afectados por la deforestación externa, revelando impactos concentrados, a menudo regionales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias del medio ambiente
  • Biología de la conservación
  • Ecología global

Sus antecedentes:

  • La globalización permite a los países externalizar los costos ambientales, como la pérdida de biodiversidad, a través del uso de la tierra.
  • La comprensión del impacto del consumo en la pérdida de biodiversidad en otros países es incompleta.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Cuantificar las pérdidas mundiales de rango de los vertebrados forestales entre 2001 y 2015.
  • Atribuir estas pérdidas a la deforestación causada por los patrones de consumo de 24 países desarrollados.
  • Identificar los puntos críticos mundiales de pérdida de biodiversidad subcontratados a través de cadenas de suministro internacionales.

Principales métodos:

  • Pérdidas cuantificadas del área de distribución global de los vertebrados forestales.
  • La pérdida de biodiversidad causada por la deforestación se atribuye al consumo en 24 países desarrollados.
  • Concentraciones geográficas mapeadas de estos impactos internacionales.

Principales resultados:

  • Los países impulsores causaron una mayor pérdida acumulada de especies fuera de sus fronteras que dentro de ellas.
  • Los impactos de la biodiversidad internacional se concentraron geográficamente, creando puntos calientes globales de pérdida externa.
  • Los impactos externos fueron mayores en especies de regiones cercanas, con algunos impactos distantes.

Conclusiones:

  • Los países desarrollados externalizan significativamente la pérdida de biodiversidad a través de su consumo de productos agrícolas y forestales.
  • El mapeo de estas pérdidas subcontratadas es crucial para comprender y mitigar los desafíos globales de conservación.
  • La deforestación impulsada por el consumo representa una amenaza significativa para los vertebrados forestales en todo el mundo, especialmente en las regiones que suministran cadenas de suministro globales.