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Enfermedad cardiovascular en usuarios de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos
Josefine Windfeld-Mathiasen1,2, Ida M Heerfordt1, Kim Peder Dalhoff1,2
1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.W.-M., I.M.H., K.P.D., J.T.A., M.A.A., K.S.J., H.H.).
Circulation
|February 13, 2025
Resumen
El uso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (SAA) aumenta significativamente el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares, incluidos el ataque cardíaco y la insuficiencia cardíaca. Este estudio a gran escala confirma un riesgo sustancialmente mayor para los usuarios de AEA en comparación con la población general.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología
- Endocrinología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El uso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (AAS) está relacionado con un aumento de la mortalidad, con enfermedades cardiovasculares implicadas en algunas muertes.
- El impacto en la salud cardiovascular de los usuarios de AEA sigue siendo poco estudiado.
- Esta investigación investiga la incidencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares en los usuarios masculinos de AAS en comparación con la población general.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar la incidencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares en los usuarios masculinos de AAS.
- Comparar las tasas de enfermedades cardiovasculares en los usuarios de AAS con una cohorte de población general coincidente.
- Identificar los riesgos cardiovasculares específicos asociados con el uso de AAS.
Principales métodos:
- Se estableció una cohorte de usuarios masculinos de AAS sancionados en Dinamarca (2006-2018).
- Se seleccionó un grupo de control de la población danesa general por proporción de edad y sexo de 50:1.
- Los registros nacionales rastrearon eventos cardiovasculares (por ejemplo, infarto de miocardio, cardiomiopatía) y otros datos de salud hasta junio de 2023.
Principales resultados:
- Los usuarios de AEA (n=1189) mostraron tasas significativamente más altas de eventos cardiovasculares que los controles (n=59,450) durante un seguimiento de 11 años.
- El uso de AEA se asoció con un aumento de los riesgos de infarto agudo de miocardio (aHR 3, 00), procedimientos de revascularización (aHR 2, 95), tromboembolismo venoso (aHR 2, 42), arritmias (aHR 2, 26), cardiomiopatía (aHR 8, 90) y insuficiencia cardíaca (aHR 3, 63).
- Los datos limitados impidieron la presentación de informes sobre la incidencia de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico y paro cardíaco en los usuarios de AAS.
Conclusiones:
- El uso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos está relacionado con un riesgo sustancialmente mayor de enfermedad cardiovascular.
- Los hallazgos destacan los peligros cardiovasculares significativos asociados con el consumo de AAS.
- Este estudio subraya la necesidad de sensibilización y estrategias preventivas con respecto a los riesgos cardiovasculares relacionados con los SAA.
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