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Colectivos robóticos similares al material con control espacio-temporal de la fuerza y la forma
Matthew R Devlin1, Sangwoo Kim1,2, Otger Campàs1,3,4,5
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 20, 2025
Resumen
Los investigadores crearon un material robótico que puede cambiar de estado sólido a fluido. Esto permite que el material forme estructuras, se cure a sí mismo y soporte cargas pesadas, imitando los materiales naturales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La robótica
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Física de la materia blanda
Sus antecedentes:
- El concepto de materiales robóticos, colectivos cohesionados de unidades robóticas, ha sido un objetivo de larga data en la ciencia y la ficción.
- Un desafío clave es lograr tanto la integridad estructural para la carga como la fluidez para las capacidades de cambio de forma.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Diseñar un material robótico que pueda hacer la transición entre la rigidez sólida y el flujo fluido.
- Para permitir el control espacio-temporal sobre la forma y la fuerza mecánica del colectivo.
Principales métodos:
- Modulación de las fuerzas tangenciales entre unidades dentro de una estructura compacta.
- Controlar los reordenamientos topológicos de las unidades robóticas para lograr transiciones de rigidez.
Principales resultados:
- Control local demostrado sobre las transiciones entre los estados sólido y fluido.
- Mostró con éxito la formación de estructuras y las capacidades de auto-curación.
- El colectivo apoyó 700 Newtons (500 veces el peso del robot) antes del fallo estructural.
Conclusiones:
- Logrado un material como el colectivo robótico con propiedades mecánicas sintonizables.
- Este trabajo presenta un método para crear materia robótica reconfigurable con fuerza y forma controlables.
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