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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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Hidro-bloqueo en hidrogel para la tolerancia a temperaturas extremas

Xiaochen Zhang1, Dong Li1, Xuxu Yang2,3,4,5

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Los investigadores desarrollaron el "bloqueo hidráulico" para estabilizar los hidrogeles a temperaturas extremas. Este método inmoviliza el agua dentro de la red de polímeros, evitando la fragilidad y manteniendo la flexibilidad de -115 °C a 143 °C.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química de los polímeros
  • Biotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los hidrogeles son redes de polímero hinchadas por el agua susceptibles de endurecimiento y fragilidad debido a la evaporación o congelación del agua.
  • Las fluctuaciones de temperatura representan un desafío significativo para la estabilidad y la aplicación del hidrogel.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir una nueva estrategia, denominada "hidro-bloqueo", para mejorar la estabilidad del hidrogel en un amplio rango de temperatura.
  • Para demostrar la eficacia del bloqueo hidráulico en la preservación de las propiedades del hidrogel en condiciones térmicas extremas.

Principales métodos:

  • Inmovilización de las moléculas de agua dentro de la red de polímeros de hidrogel utilizando ácido sulfúrico para crear conexiones robustas.
  • Incorpora una red de sacrificio para proteger la red de polímero primario del colapso estructural.
  • Utilizando un hidrogel de doble red de alginato-poliacrilamida como sistema modelo.

Principales resultados:

  • La estrategia de bloqueo hidráulico mantuvo con éxito la suavidad y la extensibilidad del hidrogel.
  • El hidrogel exhibió una notable estabilidad dentro de un rango de temperatura extrema de -115°C a 143°C.
  • El método resultó eficaz con varios hidrogeles y soluciones.

Conclusiones:

  • El bloqueo hidráulico ofrece una solución robusta para prevenir la degradación inducida por la temperatura en los hidrogeles.
  • Esta técnica tiene amplias implicaciones para la preservación y observación de materiales y especímenes biológicos a temperaturas extremas.
  • La estrategia amplía significativamente la ventana de temperatura de funcionamiento para las aplicaciones de hidrogel.