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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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Alta variabilidad temporal no tendencia domina la precipitación mediterránea

Sergio M Vicente-Serrano1,2, Yves Tramblay3, Fergus Reig4,5

  • 1Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain. svicen@ipe.csic.es.

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Resumen

La precipitación mediterránea se ha mantenido estable desde 1871 hasta 2020, a pesar de las proyecciones del modelo climático. La variabilidad observada se debe principalmente a la dinámica atmosférica natural, no a las tendencias a largo plazo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias del clima
  • Ciencias del medio ambiente
  • Hidrología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los modelos climáticos proyectan una disminución significativa de las precipitaciones en el Mediterráneo.
  • Los datos observados sugieren disminuciones recientes, y algunos estudios lo atribuyen a la influencia humana.
  • Existen opiniones contradictorias sobre las tendencias y la variabilidad a largo plazo de las precipitaciones en el Mediterráneo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar exhaustivamente los cambios en las precipitaciones en la región mediterránea entre 1871 y 2020.
  • Conciliar las conclusiones contradictorias sobre las tendencias de las precipitaciones en el Mediterráneo.
  • Evaluar el papel de la variabilidad interna frente a las influencias antropogénicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó el conjunto de datos de precipitación más extenso de la región (más de 23 000 estaciones en 27 países).
  • Los datos de precipitación analizados abarcan desde 1871 hasta 2020.
  • Se compararon las tendencias observadas con las simulaciones de la Fase 6 del Proyecto de Intercomparación de Modelos Acoplados (CMIP6).

Principales resultados:

  • La precipitación mediterránea se ha mantenido en gran medida estacionaria durante el período 1871-2020.
  • Se observó una variabilidad significativa a lo largo de varias décadas e interanuales.
  • Las tendencias identificadas en períodos/subregiones específicos se atribuyeron a la dinámica atmosférica y la variabilidad interna, no al cambio climático a largo plazo.

Conclusiones:

  • La precipitación de la región mediterránea ha mostrado estacionalidad a largo plazo, contrariamente a algunas proyecciones de modelos climáticos.
  • La variabilidad de la precipitación observada se debe principalmente a la dinámica atmosférica natural.
  • Los hallazgos son cruciales para la planificación de los recursos ambientales, agrícolas y hídricos en un punto crítico del cambio climático.