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Una vía neuronal híbrida de armonización de señales habilitada por la interneurona de picado bipolar-quimio-sináptica
Shi Luo1,2, Shen Zhang1,2, Daizong Ji1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 14, 2025
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron una nueva interneurona artificial que imita los sistemas biológicos al responder a los neurotransmisores. Este avance permite la creación de vías neuronales híbridas para aplicaciones neuroelectrónicas avanzadas como las neuroprótesis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Ingeniería biomimética
- Ciencias de los materiales
Sus antecedentes:
- La fusión hombre-máquina requiere vías neuronales híbridas compatibles con los sistemas biológicos.
- Las interneuronas artificiales existentes carecen de la capacidad de codificar información basada en diferentes neurotransmisores y exhiben umbrales de activación y sensibilidad a la frecuencia incompatibles en comparación con las contrapartes biológicas.
- Esto limita la construcción de vías neuronales híbridas de armonización de señales para neuroprótesis, neurorehabilitación y aplicaciones neuroelectrónicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar una nueva interneurona artificial capaz de codificar información en secuencias de picos bioreconocibles.
- Para lograr la sintonización de frecuencia dependiente del neurotransmisor en una interneuron artificial.
- Construir una vía sensoriomotriz híbrida de armonización de señales para aplicaciones neuroelectrónicas.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de una interneurona de quimio-sinapsis bipolar.
- Codificación de la frecuencia de picos en un paradigma biomimético utilizando sinapsis bipolares.
- Respuesta dinámica de las sinapsis a los neurotransmisores excitatorios y inhibidores.
- Traducción de señales químicas de series temporales en secuencias de picos.
Principales resultados:
- La interneurona de quimio-sinapsis bipolar desarrollada logró el umbral de activación más bajo (6,25 μM) y la respuesta de frecuencia más alta (0,55 Hz μM−1) hasta la fecha, imitando estrechamente a las contrapartes biológicas.
- Se construyó con éxito por primera vez una vía sensorimotora híbrida de armonización de señales, mediada por neurotransmisores excitatorios e inhibidores.
- La vía codificaba efectivamente estímulos mecánicos aguas arriba y modulaba la frecuencia de oscilación de la pierna aguas abajo en un modelo de ratón, equilibrando la actividad neuronal.
Conclusiones:
- La nueva interneurona de quimio-sinapsis bipolar representa un avance significativo en la tecnología de neuronas artificiales.
- Este desarrollo facilita la creación de vías neuronales híbridas altamente biónicas para mejorar la neuroprótesis y la neurorehabilitación.
- La construcción exitosa de una vía sensorimotora de armonización de señales demuestra el potencial de integración sin fisuras de los sistemas neuronales biológicos y artificiales.
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