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El aumento abrupto del nivel del mar y el cambio gradual de los polos de la Tierra revelan cambios permanentes en el

Ki-Weon Seo¹, Dongryeol Ryu², Taehwan Jeon³

¹Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 27, 2025

Resumen

La humedad global del suelo disminuyó significativamente a principios del siglo XXI debido al cambio climático, perdiendo grandes cantidades de agua. Es poco probable que esta tendencia se revierta sin una acción climática.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del clima
Hidrología
Ciencias del Sistema Terrestre

Sus antecedentes:

El calentamiento global altera la circulación del agua terrestre y los flujos de la superficie terrestre.
Se están produciendo cambios significativos en el almacenamiento de agua terrestre.
El Centro Europeo de Pronósticos Meteorológicos a Mediano Plazo (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) proporciona datos climáticos cruciales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para analizar las tendencias de humedad del suelo a principios del siglo XXI.
Para cuantificar el grado de agotamiento de la humedad del suelo.
Investigar los factores y las implicaciones de la disminución de la humedad del suelo.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó el producto de humedad del suelo ERA5 para el análisis.
Comparó la pérdida de humedad del suelo con la pérdida de hielo de Groenlandia.
Los cambios de humedad del suelo se correlacionan con el aumento global del nivel medio del mar y el cambio de polos de la Tierra.

Principales resultados:

Se produjo un agudo agotamiento de la humedad del suelo de aproximadamente 1614 gigatoneladas entre 2000 y 2002.
Se observó una pérdida adicional de 1009 gigatoneladas entre 2003 y 2016.
El agotamiento de la humedad del suelo es consistente con el aumento del nivel del mar y los datos de cambio de polos.

Conclusiones:

Los déficits de precipitación y la evapotranspiración estable son causas probables de la disminución de la humedad del suelo.
La humedad del suelo no se ha recuperado en 2021.
La recuperación futura de la humedad del suelo es improbable en las condiciones climáticas actuales.

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