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Establishment and Genetic Manipulation of Murine Hepatocyte Organoids
Published on: February 12, 2022
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Organoides hepáticos de varias zonas obtenidos de células madre pluripotentes humanas
Hasan Al Reza1,2, Connie Santangelo2,3, Kentaro Iwasawa2,3
1Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Nature
|April 16, 2025
Resumen
Los investigadores crearon un nuevo modelo organoide del hígado que replica la arquitectura zonal del hígado in vitro. Este avance ofrece una nueva plataforma para estudiar el desarrollo del hígado, la homeostasis metabólica y la enfermedad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Hepatología y Medicina Regenerativa
- Biología de las células madre
- Tecnología Organoide
Sus antecedentes:
- Las distintas subpoblaciones de hepatocitos están segregadas espacialmente a lo largo del eje portal-central, crucial para la función hepática.
- Los modelos in vitro existentes no han replicado esta arquitectura hepática zonal.
- Las moléculas bioactivas como el ascorbato y la bilirrubina están implicadas en la dirección de los destinos zonales de los hepatocitos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un modelo de organoide hepático autoensamblable y específico de la zona utilizando células madre pluripotentes inducidas por humanos.
- Para evaluar la polaridad y la función hepática zonales in vitro.
- Investigar los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a la identidad zonal.
Principales métodos:
- Co-cultivo de progenitores hepáticos enriquecidos con ascorbato y bilirrubina derivados de células madre pluripotentes inducidas en humanos.
- Secuenciación de ARN de un solo núcleo para identificar las trayectorias de diferenciación de los hepatoblastos.
- Análisis epigenético y transcriptómico para aclarar la regulación molecular de la identidad zonal.
- Trasplante de organoides en ratas con inmunodeficiencia.
Principales resultados:
- Desarrolló un organoide hepático autoensamblable que exhibe funciones específicas de la zona (ciclo de la urea, glutatión, síntesis de glutamato).
- Se identificó una trayectoria de diferenciación de los hepatoblastos que define los hepatocitos periportales, interzonales y pericentrales.
- Se determinó que el enlace EP300 dependiente de ascorbato/bilirrubina con TET1/HIF1α orquesta la identidad zonal.
- Los organoides trasplantados mejoraron la supervivencia en ratas con ligadura de conductos biliares al reducir la hiperammonemia y la hiperbilirrubinaemia.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema organoide multizona desarrollado recapitula con éxito la arquitectura hepática humana in vitro.
- Este modelo sirve como una herramienta valiosa para estudiar el desarrollo del hígado, la homeostasis metabólica y la enfermedad.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre los mecanismos moleculares que controlan la zonificación del hígado.
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