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El derretimiento se enfoca a lo largo del límite entre la litosfera y la astenosfera debajo del volcán axial
G M Kent1,2, A F Arnulf3,4, S C Singh5
1Nevada Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA. gkent@unr.edu.
Nature
|April 24, 2025
Resumen
El límite entre la litosfera y la astenosfera (LAB) debajo del volcán Axial tiene una forma de embudo, guiando el magma a la superficie. Este descubrimiento revela cómo la asimilación de magma da forma a los sistemas volcánicos e influye en las erupciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Volcanología
- Tectónica
Sus antecedentes:
- El límite entre la litosfera y la astenosfera (LAB) funciona como una barrera de permeabilidad, dirigiendo la fusión del manto hacia los centros de propagación oceánica.
- Estudios sísmicos anteriores identificaron una lente de magma axial poco profunda (AML) en el LAB, pero la estructura más profunda del LAB no estaba clara.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para obtener imágenes de la estructura tridimensional del LAB en la corteza debajo del volcán Axial.
- Comprender el papel del LAB en el enfoque del magmatismo y el control de los procesos volcánicos en una intersección de punto caliente y cordillera.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó imágenes de reflexión sísmica 3D para visualizar la estructura del LAB.
- Analizaron datos sísmicos para mapear la geometría del LAB y su relación con la actividad magmática.
Principales resultados:
- Reveló un LAB en forma de embudo que se extiende 5-6 km en la corteza debajo del volcán Axial.
- Demostró que el LAB coincide con un frente de asimilación de magma, enfocando el magmatismo tanto de fuentes de puntos calientes como de crestas oceánicas.
- Identificó el LAB como el límite superior de un "dominio de magma" donde residen los cuerpos fundidos.
Conclusiones:
- El LAB en forma de embudo concentra el magmatismo, controlando la erupción, la actividad hidrotermal y la química de la lava en el volcán Axial.
- Sugiere que la asimilación de magma controlada térmicamente a lo largo del LAB puede ser un proceso común en otros sistemas volcánicos, como Islandia.
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