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Metamateriales quirales modulares para el origami
Tuo Zhao1, Xiangxin Dang1, Konstantinos Manos2
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Nature
|April 24, 2025
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron metamateriales quirales modulares que desacoplan el movimiento para funciones avanzadas similares a las de una máquina. Estos materiales permiten un control independiente de la torsión y el encogimiento, superando las limitaciones anteriores en la deformación y el acoplamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Ingeniería mecánica
- La robótica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los metamateriales quirales existentes exhiben un movimiento multimodal acoplado de pequeña deformación, lo que limita sus aplicaciones similares a las máquinas.
- La funcionalidad autónoma en los metamateriales es deseable, pero se ve obstaculizada por la activación acoplada y los límites de deformación pequeños (≤ 2%).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Establecer metamateriales quirales modulares con accionamiento desacoplado para el control independiente de la deformación multimodal.
- Para superar las limitaciones de los movimientos acoplados y la pequeña deformación en diseños anteriores de metamateriales quirales.
Principales métodos:
- Diseño y fabricación de metamateriales quirales modulares que combinan teselaciones planas auxéticas y matrices columnares inspiradas en el origami.
- Análisis experimental y basado en la simulación de mecanismos de deformación bajo accionamiento de un solo grado de libertad.
- Demostración de las distintas condiciones de accionamiento: giro con traslación libre y desplazamiento lineal con rotación libre.
Principales resultados:
- El metamaterial modular exhibe una activación desacoplada, logrando una gran contracción en el plano (hasta el 25%) y una contracción fuera del plano (más del 50%).
- Se ha demostrado un control independiente: torsión de 0° a 90° con traslación libre y desplazamiento lineal con rotación libre.
- Deformación atribuida a las teselaciones cuadradas giratorias (torsión / contracción en el plano) y las matrices de origami de Kresling (encogimiento fuera del plano).
Conclusiones:
- Los metamateriales quirales modulares desarrollados ofrecen rutas a máquinas multimodales, multistables y reprogramables.
- Las aplicaciones potenciales incluyen transformadores robóticos, termorregulación, memorias mecánicas y sistemas de absorción de energía.
- El diseño modular permite propiedades sintonizables, escalabilidad y funcionalidad plug-and-play para diversos desafíos de ingeniería.
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