Tumor de células gigantes de la columna torácica: una causa poco frecuente de compresión de la médula espinal

Ghassen Gader1, Fatma Ben Attig1, Wiem Mansour2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma and Burns Center, Ben Arous. University of Tunis - El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia.

Radiology case reports
|April 28, 2025
PubMed

Los tumores de células gigantes (TCG) óseos son neoplasias poco frecuentes, situadas habitualmente en la metáfisis de los huesos largos, y se presentan raramente en la columna vertebral, especialmente en la región torácica. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 34 años con antecedentes de psoriasis y enfermedad celíaca, que presentó dolor lumbar inflamatorio progresivo y paraparesia. Las imágenes revelaron una masa osteolítica en la vértebra T11, que causaba una compresión de la médula espinal dorsal. Se realizó una cirugía de urgencia y el estudio histopatológico confirmó el TCG. A pesar de la recuperación inicial de la función motora, posteriormente fue necesaria la estabilización quirúrgica para evitar la inestabilidad espinal. Se inició la terapia adyuvante con denosumab y la paciente se mantuvo asintomática durante el seguimiento. Este caso resalta la rareza del TCG en la columna torácica y los desafíos diagnósticos y terapéuticos asociados. Aunque son benignos, los TCG pueden causar una compresión medular grave, lo que requiere una intervención quirúrgica inmediata para preservar la función neurológica. La terapia con denosumab resulta prometedora para controlar la progresión del tumor y mejorar los resultados quirúrgicos. El manejo multidisciplinario y el seguimiento regular son esenciales para prevenir la recurrencia y mejorar el pronóstico.

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