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La diversidad genética global de las especies del microbioma intestinal humano está relacionada con la ubicación

Sergio Andreu-Sánchez1, Aitor Blanco-Míguez2, Daoming Wang1

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

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Resumen

Los microbios intestinales humanos muestran una diversidad genética significativa dentro de las especies. Este estudio vincula cepas microbianas específicas con las condiciones de salud del huésped, revelando nuevos conocimientos sobre el microbioma

Palabras clave:
envejecimientoFilogenética bacterianabiogeografíael cáncermicrobioma intestinal humanoMetagenomíacepas microbianas

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Investigación del microbioma
  • La genética
  • Salud de las personas

Sus antecedentes:

  • El microbioma intestinal humano comprende miles de especies con una considerable variación genética.
  • Las investigaciones anteriores se centraron en la abundancia relativa de microbios, con vistas a la diversidad genética dentro de las especies.
  • La variabilidad genética intraespecífica es crucial para comprender las interacciones entre el huésped y el microbioma y la salud.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la diversidad genética dentro de la especie del microbioma intestinal humano.
  • Identificar las asociaciones entre los rasgos genéticos microbianos y los fenotipos del huésped.
  • Explorar el papel de la diversidad de cepas microbianas en la salud humana.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de 32.152 metagenomas de 94 estudios globales sobre el microbioma.
  • Reconstrucción de 583 filogenias específicas de la especie.
  • Enlazar las filogenias microbianas con los datos geográficos y la transmisibilidad horizontal.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron 484 asociaciones a nivel de cepa microbiana con 241 fenotipos de huésped (antropometría, bioquímica, enfermedad, estilo de vida).
  • Descubrió un clado de Ruminococcus gnavus prevalente en personas no mayores de 50 años, vinculado a perfiles alterados de ácido biliar en el plasma.
  • Encontré un clado de Collinsella asociado con el melanoma y el cáncer de próstata.

Conclusiones:

  • La diversidad genética de las especies microbianas juega un papel importante en la salud humana.
  • El análisis de nivel de cepa proporciona una comprensión más profunda de las interacciones microbioma-huésped.
  • Esta investigación pone de relieve la importancia de considerar la variación genética microbiana en los estudios de salud.