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Regulación de la sustitución de aminas en electrolitos ignífugos a base de fluorosulfonilo para baterías de litio de

Lan-Qing Wu^1,2, Zhe Li¹, Huamei Li^3,4

¹Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 30071, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 2, 2025

Resumen

Los nuevos electrolitos de sulfona con grupos fluorosulfonilo permiten el recubrimiento y la extracción estables de litio, lo que mejora la seguridad y el rendimiento de las baterías de litio de alta tensión.

Área de la Ciencia:

La electroquímica
Ciencias de los materiales
Almacenamiento de energía

Sus antecedentes:

Los electrolitos a base de sulfón son prometedores para las baterías de metal de litio (LMB) debido a su alta estabilidad.
Las limitaciones actuales incluyen la reactividad con el metal de litio, lo que dificulta el ciclo a largo plazo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Diseñar y sintetizar nuevas moléculas basadas en fluorosulfonilo para electrolitos estables de una sola sal y un solo disolvente.
Evaluar sus propiedades para aplicaciones avanzadas de baterías de metal de litio.

Principales métodos:

Síntesis de moléculas basadas en fluorosulfonilo (FSO2-) con varios grupos finales (FSE, FSNDM, FSNDE, FSNP).
Estudio sistemático de la inflamabilidad, la solvación, el transporte de iones, la cinética de la deposición de litio y la estabilidad oxidativa.
Evaluación del rendimiento de los electrolitos en baterías de litio con cátodos de alta carga.

Principales resultados:

Electrolitos no inflamables de baja viscosidad con alta conductividad iónica (1,6-6,1 mS cm-1).
Excepcional reversibilidad de litio y desmontaje (>99,71% en 800 ciclos) y estabilidad oxidativa (>4,6 V).
Se han demostrado 329 ciclos en baterías de litio y una alta densidad de energía (496 W h kg-1) en celdas de bolsa.

Conclusiones:

El diseño molecular de los electrolitos sulfónicos ofrece un camino viable hacia electrolitos no inflamables compatibles con el metal Li.
Estos electrolitos soportan cátodos de alto voltaje prácticos en dispositivos avanzados de almacenamiento de energía.

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