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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Cetonas de polietileno con unidades espaciadoras controladas: síntesis, caracterización y fotodegradación

Matthias Nobis1, Kohei Takahashi1, Junya Uchida1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan.

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Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo método para crear polietilenetonas fotodegradables. La velocidad de degradación del polímero bajo luz UV depende del espaciado entre los grupos cetónicos, con un mayor espaciado que mejora la degradación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Estudios de fotodegradación

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las polietileneketonas son polímeros similares al polietileno con potencial de fotodegradabilidad.
  • El control de la estructura de estos polímeros es crucial para ajustar sus propiedades de degradación.
  • Comprender la relación entre la estructura del polímero y la fotodegradación es esencial para el desarrollo de materiales avanzados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar una nueva vía sintética para las polietileneketonas estructuralmente controladas.
  • Investigar el comportamiento de fotodegradación de estos polímeros en función de su estructura química.
  • Para aclarar los mecanismos que influyen en la velocidad de fotodegradación.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de Zn-polietileno telecélico a partir de α,ω-dieno, dietilzinco y etileno.
  • Reacción de Zn-polietileno telecélico con cloruros diacídicos para formar polietilenetonas.
  • Experimentos de fotodegradación con luz UV.
  • Análisis estructural mediante FT-IR en estado sólido y calorimetría de barrido diferencial (DSC).

Principales resultados:

  • Un nuevo método sintético produjo polietileneketonas con espaciado definido entre las funcionalidades de la cetona.
  • La velocidad de fotodegradación dependía de la longitud de las unidades espaciadoras entre los grupos carbonílicos.
  • Polímeros con espaciado cetónico más largo (6-18 carbonos) degradados eficientemente bajo luz UV.
  • Los polímeros con un espacio cetónico más corto (3-5 carbonos) exhibieron una degradación más lenta.
  • El FT-IR en estado sólido y el DSC sugirieron interacciones carbonyl-carbonyl en polímeros de espacio más corto, lo que potencialmente obstaculiza la fotodegradación a través de la reacción de Norrish.

Conclusiones:

  • Las polietilenetonas estructuralmente controladas pueden sintetizarse con propiedades de fotodegradación sintonizables.
  • El espacio entre los grupos cetónicos tiene un impacto significativo en la tasa de degradación inducida por los rayos UV.
  • Las interacciones carbonyl-carbonyl en polímeros de espacio corto pueden impedir el mecanismo de fotodegradación de Norrish.