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La genómica revela una propagación zoonótica y sostenida del Mpox humano en África Occidental
Edyth Parker1,2, Ifeanyi F Omah3,4, Delia Doreen Djuicy5
1African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. edythp@run.edu.ng.
Nature
|May 19, 2025
Resumen
El virus Mpox (MPXV) saltó repetidamente de los animales a los humanos en Camerún, a diferencia de la única epidemia de Nigeria. Los ecosistemas compartidos a lo largo de la frontera entre Nigeria y Camerún probablemente impulsan el surgimiento y la propagación de la mpox.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica
- Epidemiología
- Enfermedades zoonóticas
Sus antecedentes:
- Nigeria y Camerún informaron casos de mpox antes del brote global de 2022.
- Los impulsores del resurgimiento del mpox en Camerún y la tasa de zoonosis siguen sin estar claros.
- Las lagunas en los datos genómicos oscurecen el origen y el momento de la aparición del virus mpox (MPXV).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los orígenes y la propagación del MPXV en Nigeria y Camerún.
- Aclarar el papel de la propagación zoonótica en los casos de mpox en Camerún.
- Comprender los impulsores del surgimiento de MPXV en la región fronteriza entre Nigeria y Camerún.
Principales métodos:
- Se han generado 118 genomas de MPXV de Nigeria y Camerún (2018-2023).
- Análisis filogenético para rastrear linajes y orígenes virales.
- Estimación del huésped ancestral y los tiempos de emergencia.
Principales resultados:
- Los casos de Camerún resultaron de eventos zoonóticos repetidos, con dos linajes distintos.
- La epidemia de Nigeria (hMPXV-1) se originó a partir de un antepasado zoonótico distinto.
- El antepasado de hMPXV-1 probablemente circuló en animales en el sur de Nigeria a fines de 2013.
- El hMPXV-1 surgió en humanos en agosto de 2014 en el estado de Rivers, Nigeria, extendiéndose sin ser detectado durante tres años.
Conclusiones:
- Las poblaciones animales compartidas en los ecosistemas fronterizos facilitan la aparición y propagación del MPXV.
- El estado de Rivers, Nigeria, fue la fuente principal de la epidemia de mpox humana nigeriana.
- La aparición persistente de zoonosis por MPXV plantea un riesgo en la región fronteriza entre Nigeria y Camerún.
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