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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Transcription01:17

Transcription

20.6K
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
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Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

4.9K
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
4.9K
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

5.3K
Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

33.2K
DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
33.2K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

10.8K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
10.8K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

14.4K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.4K

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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Maquinarias dinámicas de transcripción en las protocélulas

Jiantong Dong1, Fan Xia2, Fujian Huang2

  • 1The Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores están diseñando células artificiales con maquinaria de transcripción para imitar los procesos celulares naturales. Estos sistemas sintéticos ofrecen una visión de la vida

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los sistemas
  • Biología sintética
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las maquinarias de transcripción regulan procesos celulares esenciales como el ciclo celular, el metabolismo y la diferenciación.
  • Los procesos celulares exhiben características dinámicas como la amplificación, la bistabilidad y el comportamiento transitorio.
  • Comprender y emular estas vías naturales es crucial para el avance de la biología sintética y la química.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los avances recientes en la creación de conjuntos de protocélulas artificiales cargados con maquinaria de transcripción.
  • Resaltar los sistemas de transcripción sensibles a los estímulos y su integración en varios diseños de protocélulas.
  • Explorar las aplicaciones potenciales de estos sistemas de ingeniería en catálisis y teranosis.

Principales métodos:

  • Integración de las maquinarias de transcripción en diversas arquitecturas de protocélulas (liposomas, microgotas, proteinsomas, microcápsulas).
  • Desarrollo de sistemas de transcripción sensibles a los estímulos desencadenados por la luz, los agentes redox y la refiguración de la plantilla.
  • Construcción de circuitos de transcripción oscilatoria modulados temporalmente y dinámica de nanotubos de ADN guiados por transcripción.
  • Demostración de la señalización dinámica y la comunicación entre los conjuntos de protocélulas.

Principales resultados:

  • Integración exitosa de maquinarias de transcripción en varias protocélulas que responden a estímulos.
  • Creación de circuitos de transcripción oscilantes y nanoestructuras dinámicas de ADN dentro de las protocélulas.
  • Exposición de señalización difusiva mediada por transcripción y comunicación entre conjuntos de protocélulas diseñadas.
  • Imitación de procesos celulares nativos como la formación y disociación de filamentos motores.

Conclusiones:

  • Los ensamblajes de protocélulas diseñados con maquinaria de transcripción representan un avance significativo en la química de sistemas.
  • Estos sistemas proporcionan una plataforma para estudiar los principios de la evolución de la vida y desarrollar nuevas aplicaciones.
  • La investigación futura debe centrarse en abordar los desafíos y ampliar las aplicaciones prácticas de estos sistemas biomiméticos.