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El órgano subfornical es un núcleo para las células T derivadas del intestino que regulan el comportamiento
Tomomi M Yoshida1,2,3, Mytien Nguyen1, Le Zhang3,4
1Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Nature
|May 28, 2025
Resumen
Las células T especializadas residen en el cerebro
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neuroinmunología
- Inmunología
- La neurociencia
Sus antecedentes:
- Se establece el papel de las células inmunes innatas en el sistema nervioso central (SNC).
- La presencia y la función de las células inmunes adaptativas dentro del parénquima cerebral siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la presencia y las características de las células inmunes adaptativas en el cerebro en estado estacionario.
- Para determinar si estas células contribuyen al mantenimiento de la homeostasis del SNC.
Principales métodos:
- Transcriptómica imparcial para analizar las células T residentes en el cerebro.
- Análisis comparativo de las células T parenquimales y meníngeas.
- Investigación del tráfico de células T y la modulación por factores periféricos.
Principales resultados:
- Células T alfa-beta (αβ) parenquimales identificadas en el órgano subfornical (SFO) del cerebro en ratones y humanos.
- Se demostró que las células T residentes en el cerebro son transcripcionalmente y funcionalmente distintas de las células T meníngeas, secretando interferón-gamma (IFNγ).
- Se muestra que estas células T están primadas por el microbioma y el tráfico de tejidos adiposos y gastrointestinales, con números modulados por la microbiota intestinal y la composición del tejido adiposo.
Conclusiones:
- Las células T CD4 están presentes en el parénquima cerebral en estado estacionario, concentradas en el SFO.
- Estas células T residentes en el cerebro son distintas de las células T meníngeas y juegan un papel en la homeostasis del SNC a través de la secreción de IFNγ.
- Se han establecido nuevos ejes graso-cerebro e intestino-cerebro que implican la regulación de la homeostasis del SNC mediada por células T.
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