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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

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El calentamiento acelera la severidad de la sequía global

Solomon H Gebrechorkos1,2, Justin Sheffield3, Sergio M Vicente-Serrano4

  • 1School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. solomon.gebrechorkos@ouce.ox.ac.uk.

Nature
|June 4, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La severidad de la sequía global está aumentando, con la demanda atmosférica de evaporación (AED) empeorando significativamente las condiciones de sequía en todo el mundo. Esta tendencia está expandiendo las áreas afectadas por la sequía y se espera que continúe con el calentamiento futuro.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias del medio ambiente
  • Ciencias del clima
  • Ciencias de la Tierra

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las sequías son peligros globales complejos que afectan al medio ambiente y a las economías.
  • Existen incertidumbres en las tendencias mundiales de la sequía y el papel de la demanda atmosférica de evaporación (AED).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar las tendencias mundiales de sequía de 1901 a 2022.
  • Cuantificar el impacto de la demanda atmosférica de evaporación (DEA) en las características de la sequía.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de conjuntos de datos mundiales de sequía de alta resolución (1901-2022).
  • Análisis de las tendencias de la sequía y de la contribución del DEA.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó una tendencia global al aumento de la severidad de la sequía.
  • AED aumentó la severidad de la sequía global en un promedio de 40%.
  • Las áreas afectadas por la sequía se expandieron en un 74% (2018-2022) frente a 1981-2017, y AED contribuyó con un 58% de este aumento.

Conclusiones:

  • El DEA juega un papel cada vez más crítico en la conducción de sequías severas.
  • Tanto las regiones secas como las húmedas están experimentando tendencias de secado debido al aumento de los DEA.
  • Se prevé que esta tendencia continúe bajo futuros escenarios de calentamiento.