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Los impulsores de la ola de calor marina extrema del Atlántico Norte durante 2023

Matthew H England¹, Zhi Li², Maurice F Huguenin²

¹Centre for Marine Science and Innovation (CMSI) and ARC Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. M.England@unsw.edu.au.

|June 4, 2025

Resumen

Los vientos débiles y las capas poco profundas del océano causaron la ola de calor marina del Atlántico Norte de 2023. Este evento extremo de calentamiento del océano, impulsado por los flujos de calor aire-mar, destaca los riesgos futuros a medida que las capas mixtas continúan siendo poco profundas.

Área de la Ciencia:

La oceanografía
Ciencias del clima
Ciencias atmosféricas

Sus antecedentes:

La circulación y la temperatura del Océano Atlántico Norte tienen un impacto significativo en el clima global y regional en varias escalas de tiempo.
Una ola de calor marina a escala de cuenca extrema ocurrió en el Atlántico Norte durante el verano de 2023.
Los mecanismos detrás de este excepcional calentamiento de la superficie del océano no estaban claros anteriormente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar las causas de la ola de calor marina del Atlántico Norte en 2023.
Para determinar las funciones de los flujos de calor aire-mar, el transporte de calor del océano y la profundidad de las capas mixtas.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó reanálisis atmosféricos restringidos por observación.
Observaciones oceánicas y simulaciones de modelos incorporados.
Analizó los patrones de viento, la radiación solar y la dinámica de las capas mixtas.

Principales resultados:

Los flujos de calor aire-mar que actúan en una capa mixta de superficie poco profunda fueron la causa principal del calentamiento extremo.
Los vientos anormalmente débiles condujeron a capas mixtas, acelerando el aumento de la temperatura de la superficie.
Las anomalías de la radiación solar contribuyeron a nivel regional, potencialmente relacionadas con la reducción de las emisiones de sulfatos cerca de las rutas marítimas.

Conclusiones:

La ola de calor marina del Atlántico Norte de 2023 fue impulsada principalmente por vientos débiles y capas mixtas poco profundas.
La reducción de las emisiones de sulfatos puede haber desempeñado un papel localizado en regiones específicas.
Las tendencias en curso de capas mixtas menos profundas sugieren un empeoramiento de la gravedad de las olas de calor marinas en el futuro.

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