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Importancia global de la fijación del nitrógeno en las aguas interiores y costeras

Robinson W Fulweiler^1,2, Shelby Rinehart³, Jason Taylor⁴

¹Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 12, 2025

Resumen

La fijación biológica del nitrógeno en aguas interiores y costeras está muy extendida y es significativa. Estos sistemas acuáticos contribuyen al 15% de la fijación global de nitrógeno, siendo las aguas interiores los principales contribuyentes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente
Biogeoquímica
Ecología acuática

Sus antecedentes:

La fijación biológica del nitrógeno es crucial para la producción primaria mundial y la regulación del clima.
Las estimaciones anteriores de fijación de nitrógeno se han centrado principalmente en entornos terrestres y oceánicos abiertos.
Los sistemas acuáticos interiores y costeros han sido en gran medida pasados por alto en las evaluaciones mundiales de fijación de nitrógeno.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar las tasas de fijación de nitrógeno en los sistemas acuáticos interiores y costeros.
Determinar la contribución de estos entornos acuáticos ignorados a la fijación global de nitrógeno.
Destacar la importancia de estos sistemas en el ciclo global del nitrógeno.

Principales métodos:

Examen completo y síntesis de los datos existentes sobre la fijación del nitrógeno en aguas interiores y costeras.
Evaluación de la fijación de nitrógeno en diversos hábitats acuáticos, incluidos los procesos de columna de agua y sedimentos.
Estimación de las tasas de fijación de nitrógeno utilizando un enfoque conservador.

Principales resultados:

La fijación de nitrógeno es omnipresente en los sistemas acuáticos interiores y costeros, con tasas que varían en más de seis órdenes de magnitud.
Estos sistemas, a pesar de representar menos del 10% de la superficie mundial, fijan un estimado de 40 teragramos de nitrógeno por año.
Los sistemas acuáticos interiores representan más de la mitad de la fijación total de nitrógeno en estos entornos.

Conclusiones:

Las aguas interiores y costeras representan un componente significativo, previamente subestimado, de la fijación biológica global del nitrógeno.
Los resultados subrayan el papel fundamental de estos ecosistemas acuáticos para apoyar la producción primaria mundial e influir en los ciclos biogeoquímicos.
Los futuros presupuestos mundiales de nitrógeno deben incorporar las contribuciones sustanciales de los sistemas acuáticos interiores y costeros.

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