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Más verde, más verde y más azul: el océano se ha vuelto más verde en las últimas dos décadas
Haipeng Zhao1, Manfredi Manizza2, M Susan Lozier3
1Division of Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 19, 2025
Resumen
El ecologización del océano se está expandiendo hacia los polos debido al cambio climático, mientras que las regiones subtropicales muestran una disminución de la clorofila. Esta disparidad cada vez mayor afecta a los ecosistemas marinos y a las economías costeras.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La oceanografía
- Ciencias del clima
- Ecología marina
Sus antecedentes:
- El ecologización global se observa en la tierra debido al cambio climático.
- Las tendencias de ecologización oceánica y sus impulsores siguen siendo menos comprendidas.
- La concentración de clorofila (Chl) es un indicador clave de la salud del fitoplancton marino.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y analizar las tendencias de la concentración de clorofila en la superficie del océano entre 2003 y 2022.
- Para investigar la distribución latitudinal cambiante de la clorofila oceánica.
- Explorar los factores potenciales y las implicaciones de los patrones de ecologización oceánica observados.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron observaciones por satélite de la concentración de clorofila oceánica (Chl).
- Los datos analizados abarcan desde 2003 hasta 2022.
- Se utilizó un índice de desigualdad para cuantificar las disparidades latitudinales en Chl.
Principales resultados:
- Observamos una tendencia hacia el verde en la superficie del océano.
- Se ha documentado una disminución de la concentración de Chl en las regiones subtropicales del hemisferio norte.
- Mostró una creciente disparidad latitudinal en Chl, particularmente en el hemisferio norte, durante dos décadas.
Conclusiones:
- El aumento de las temperaturas de la superficie del mar es probablemente el principal impulsor de las tendencias observadas de Chl.
- El aumento de la desigualdad de Cl, caracterizada por aguas "más verdes y más azules", tiene implicaciones ecológicas significativas.
- Estos cambios tienen el potencial de afectar los niveles tróficos más altos, las pesquerías y las economías costeras.
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