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Origen y radiación de los calamares revelados por la minería digital de fósiles
Shin Ikegami1, Yusuke Takeda2, Jörg Mutterlose3
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 26, 2025
Resumen
La evolución de los calamares se revela a través de la minería digital de fósiles, mostrando que se originaron hace 100 millones de años. Esta rápida radiación es anterior a la extinción del Cretácico-Paleógeno, estableciéndolas como pioneras del ecosistema marino de natación rápida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleontología
- Biología marina
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- La historia evolutiva de los calamares de cuerpo blando se entiende mal debido a un registro fósil limitado.
- Los calamares constituyen hoy en día una parte significativa de la biomasa marina mundial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reconstruir la historia evolutiva completa de los calamares.
- Investigar los orígenes y la diversificación de los calamares utilizando nuevas técnicas.
Principales métodos:
- Empleó técnicas de "minería de fósiles digitales" para analizar la evidencia fósil.
- Examinó más de 250 picos fósiles de 40 especies distintas de calamares.
- Se ha identificado un nuevo yacimiento fósil.
Principales resultados:
- Los calamares se originaron y se diversificaron rápidamente hace aproximadamente 100 millones de años.
- La transición a formas de cuerpo blando es anterior al evento de extinción masiva de finales del Cretácico (hace 66 millones de años).
- Los primeros calamares alcanzaron poblaciones y biomasa sustanciales, superando a las de las amonitas y los peces.
Conclusiones:
- La evolución de los calamares modernos no fue impulsada por la extinción de finales del Cretácico.
- Los primeros calamares eran depredadores inteligentes y rápidos que fueron pioneros en los ecosistemas marinos modernos.
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