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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
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Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Un control más estricto de la expresión génica

Filip Nemčko1, Alexander Stark1,2

  • 1Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Un cofactor recién descubierto estabiliza la unión del factor de transcripción en todo el genoma. Este hallazgo mejora nuestra comprensión de la regulación génica y proporciona nuevos objetivos para las intervenciones terapéuticas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • La genética
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los factores de transcripción regulan la expresión génica uniéndose a secuencias específicas de ADN.
  • La estabilidad de la unión del factor de transcripción es crucial para la regulación genética precisa.
  • Los mecanismos que rigen la estabilidad de la unión del factor de transcripción a través del genoma no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar nuevos factores que influyen en la estabilidad de la unión del factor de transcripción.
  • Esclarecer la función de un cofactor previamente desconocido en la asociación de factores de transcripción en todo el genoma.

Principales métodos:

  • Se empleó inmunoprecipitación de cromatina en todo el genoma seguida de secuenciación (ChIP-seq).
  • Se realizaron ensayos bioquímicos para caracterizar las interacciones de los cofactores.
  • La detección basada en CRISPR identificó el nuevo cofactor.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificó un cofactor previamente desconocido que estabiliza significativamente la unión al factor de transcripción.
  • La función de este cofactor se observó en numerosas ubicaciones genómicas.
  • La pérdida de la función del cofactor condujo a una estabilidad reducida del factor de transcripción y a patrones alterados de expresión génica.

Conclusiones:

  • Un nuevo cofactor juega un papel crítico en la estabilización de la unión del factor de transcripción en todo el genoma.
  • Este descubrimiento arroja luz sobre los mecanismos fundamentales de la regulación genética.
  • El cofactor identificado representa un objetivo terapéutico potencial para enfermedades que implican desregulación genética.