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Dieciocho millones de años de diversos proteomas de esmalte del Rift del este de África

Daniel R Green^1,2, Kevin T Uno^3,4,5, Ellen R Miller⁶

¹Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. drgreen@fas.harvard.edu.

|July 9, 2025

Resumen

Las proteínas antiguas se recuperaron de fósiles de mamíferos del Mioceno Temprano en Kenia, empujando los límites de la paleoproteómica. Este avance permite una visión más profunda de la paleobiología y la historia evolutiva de las especies extintas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Palaeobiología
Paleontología molecular
Proteomía

Sus antecedentes:

La investigación del ADN antiguo y la proteómica se limita a fósiles más jóvenes debido a la degradación molecular, especialmente en climas tropicales.
La cuenca de Turkana en Kenia ofrece un rico registro fósil de la evolución de los mamíferos del Cenozoico.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el potencial de recuperar secuencias de proteínas antiguas de fósiles de mamíferos más antiguos en un entorno tropical.
Explorar la paleobiología y las relaciones evolutivas de taxones extintos utilizando fragmentos de proteínas recuperados.

Principales métodos:

Muestreo de pequeños proteomas del esmalte interior de fósiles del Mioceno Temprano (hace 16-18 millones de años).
Utilizando un flujo de trabajo proteómico basado en la espectrometría de masas para identificar fragmentos de proteínas.
Aplicación de criterios para distinguir las proteínas genuinas del esmalte de las alteraciones diagenéticas.

Principales resultados:

Se han recuperado con éxito fragmentos de enamelina, ameloblastina, metaloproteasa de matriz 20 y fosfoproteína ácida de matriz dentina 1.
Identificó modificaciones de proteínas que apoyan la edad antigua y algunos de los productos finales de glicación avanzada más antiguos conocidos.
Los análisis filogenéticos utilizando secuencias recuperadas contribuyeron a la colocación sistemática de taxones extintos.

Conclusiones:

El esmalte denso conserva las proteínas antiguas incluso en climas cálidos, expandiendo el alcance temporal y ambiental de la paleoproteómica.
Las secuencias de proteínas recuperadas ayudan a comprender la paleobiología y la historia evolutiva de los mamíferos extintos.
La investigación futura puede aprovechar este método para descubrir proteomas aún más antiguos para estudios evolutivos.

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