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Los no antibióticos interrumpen la resistencia a la colonización contra los enteropatógenos
Anne Grießhammer1,2,3, Jacobo de la Cuesta-Zuluaga1,2,3, Patrick Müller1,2,3
1Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Nature
|July 16, 2025
Resumen
Los medicamentos no antibióticos pueden alterar el microbioma intestinal, promoviendo el crecimiento de patógenos dañinos como Salmonella Typhimurium. Este hallazgo destaca los no antibióticos como factores de riesgo potenciales para las infecciones entéricas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Farmacología
- Gastroenterología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los medicamentos no antibióticos pueden alterar la composición del microbioma intestinal.
- Las implicaciones para la salud de estas alteraciones son en gran medida desconocidas.
- Comprender los efectos de los medicamentos en las comunidades microbianas intestinales es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo los no antibióticos afectan la resistencia de los comensales intestinales a la colonización de enteropatógenos.
- Desarrollar un ensayo in vitro para evaluar el crecimiento de enteropatógenos en comunidades microbianas alteradas por fármacos.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un ensayo in vitro para probar 53 medicamentos no antibióticos en comunidades microbianas.
- Evaluar el crecimiento de patógenos en comunidades sintéticas y derivadas de heces humanas.
- Se evaluó el efecto de medicamentos específicos en la colonización de Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) en ratones.
Principales resultados:
- El 28% de los no antibióticos probados aumentaron el crecimiento de S. Tm al inhibir los comensales y alterar las interacciones microbianas.
- Las bacterias patógenas mostraron una mayor resistencia a los no antibióticos que los comensales.
- Los estudios in vivo confirmaron que los fármacos que promueven la expansión del patógeno aumentan la carga S. Tm intestinal.
Conclusiones:
- Los no antibióticos pueden interrumpir la resistencia a la colonización, favoreciendo la expansión del patógeno.
- La terfenadina antihistamínica aceleró la enfermedad y la inflamación inducidas por S. Tm en ratones.
- Los medicamentos no antibióticos se identifican como factores de riesgo pasados por alto para las infecciones entéricas.
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