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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Un sentido intestinal para un patrón microbiano regula la alimentación

Winston W Liu1,2,3,4, Naama Reicher1,3, Emily Alway1,2,3

  • 1Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

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Los científicos descubrieron un nuevo sentido del cerebro intestinal llamado sentido neurobiótico. Este sentido utiliza la flagelina, una molécula microbiana, para señalar al cerebro a través del receptor Toll-like 5 (TLR5) y regular el comportamiento de alimentación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Microbiología
  • Gastroenterología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El huésped requiere mecanismos para detectar y responder a los microorganismos residentes.
  • La comunicación intestino-cerebro regula el comportamiento del huésped, incluidas las opciones de alimentación.
  • Anteriormente se desconocía un mecanismo sensorial en tiempo real para los estímulos microbianos intestinales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Descubrir un mecanismo sensorial que permite a los huéspedes responder a los estímulos microbianos intestinales.
  • Para identificar las vías moleculares involucradas en la detección microbiana en el colon.
  • Para caracterizar el papel de este sentido en la regulación del comportamiento del huésped.

Principales métodos:

  • Investigó el efecto de la flagelina en las células de los neuropodos del colon en ratones.
  • Se utilizaron modelos de nocaut del receptor tipo Toll 5 (TLR5).
  • Se examina la liberación del péptido YY (PYY) y la activación de las neuronas del nudo vagal.
  • Se evaluó el comportamiento alimentario y el aumento de peso en respuesta a la flagelina.

Principales resultados:

  • La flagelina estimula el TLR5 en las células de los neuropodos del colon, lo que lleva a la liberación de PYY.
  • Esta vía de señalización regula el comportamiento de alimentación, reduciendo la ingesta de alimentos.
  • Los ratones que carecen de TLR5 en las células de los neuropodos muestran un aumento de la ingesta de alimentos y el aumento de peso.
  • La reducción de la alimentación inducida por la flagelina es independiente de las respuestas inmunes o de la presencia de microbiota.

Conclusiones:

  • Se ha identificado una nueva vía sensorial intestino-cerebro, el sentido neurobiótico.
  • Este sentido permite a los huéspedes ajustar el comportamiento en respuesta a patrones moleculares microbianos como la flagelina.
  • El sentido neurobiótico opera a través de un circuito neural intestinal-cerebral que involucra células de neuropodos y neuronas vagales.