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Un sentido intestinal para un patrón microbiano regula la alimentación
Winston W Liu1,2,3,4, Naama Reicher1,3, Emily Alway1,2,3
1Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Nature
|July 23, 2025
Resumen
Los científicos descubrieron un nuevo sentido del cerebro intestinal llamado sentido neurobiótico. Este sentido utiliza la flagelina, una molécula microbiana, para señalar al cerebro a través del receptor Toll-like 5 (TLR5) y regular el comportamiento de alimentación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Microbiología
- Gastroenterología
Sus antecedentes:
- El huésped requiere mecanismos para detectar y responder a los microorganismos residentes.
- La comunicación intestino-cerebro regula el comportamiento del huésped, incluidas las opciones de alimentación.
- Anteriormente se desconocía un mecanismo sensorial en tiempo real para los estímulos microbianos intestinales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Descubrir un mecanismo sensorial que permite a los huéspedes responder a los estímulos microbianos intestinales.
- Para identificar las vías moleculares involucradas en la detección microbiana en el colon.
- Para caracterizar el papel de este sentido en la regulación del comportamiento del huésped.
Principales métodos:
- Investigó el efecto de la flagelina en las células de los neuropodos del colon en ratones.
- Se utilizaron modelos de nocaut del receptor tipo Toll 5 (TLR5).
- Se examina la liberación del péptido YY (PYY) y la activación de las neuronas del nudo vagal.
- Se evaluó el comportamiento alimentario y el aumento de peso en respuesta a la flagelina.
Principales resultados:
- La flagelina estimula el TLR5 en las células de los neuropodos del colon, lo que lleva a la liberación de PYY.
- Esta vía de señalización regula el comportamiento de alimentación, reduciendo la ingesta de alimentos.
- Los ratones que carecen de TLR5 en las células de los neuropodos muestran un aumento de la ingesta de alimentos y el aumento de peso.
- La reducción de la alimentación inducida por la flagelina es independiente de las respuestas inmunes o de la presencia de microbiota.
Conclusiones:
- Se ha identificado una nueva vía sensorial intestino-cerebro, el sentido neurobiótico.
- Este sentido permite a los huéspedes ajustar el comportamiento en respuesta a patrones moleculares microbianos como la flagelina.
- El sentido neurobiótico opera a través de un circuito neural intestinal-cerebral que involucra células de neuropodos y neuronas vagales.
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