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Leucemia linfocítica aguda

Hagop Kantarjian1, Ching-Hon Pui2, Elias Jabbour1

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|August 4, 2025
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Los avances en el análisis genético y las terapias dirigidas han mejorado significativamente los resultados de la leucemia linfocítica aguda (LLA). Los nuevos tratamientos ofrecen mayores tasas de curación con quimioterapia menos intensiva, transformando el cuidado del paciente.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Hematología
  • En el campo de la oncología
  • La inmunoterapia

Sus antecedentes:

  • La leucemia linfocítica aguda (LLA) es un cáncer de las células linfoideas progenitoras.
  • A través del análisis genético se han identificado más de 40 subtipos de ALL.
  • Los ensayos de enfermedad residual medibles han mejorado el seguimiento y la estratificación del riesgo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los avances recientes en el tratamiento de la LLA.
  • Para resaltar el impacto de las terapias moleculares e inmunológicas.
  • Para analizar la mejora de los resultados en la LLA en adultos y en niños.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de los avances recientes en las terapias moleculares y las inmunoterapias.
  • Análisis de los resultados en la LLA BCR: ABL1-positiva tratada con inhibidores y anticuerpos de la tirosina quinasa.
  • Evaluación de las terapias con células T receptoras de antígenos quiméricos en la LLA refractaria/recurrente.

Principales resultados:

  • Las nuevas terapias han mejorado la eficacia del tratamiento de la LLA y han reducido la toxicidad.
  • Los inhibidores de la tirosina quinasa y los anticuerpos dirigidos muestran resultados sin precedentes en la LLA BCR:: ABL1-positiva.
  • La supervivencia general en la LLA de células B mejoró hasta el 80-90%, incluso en adultos y bebés.
  • La terapia con células T CAR transformó los resultados en la LLA pediátrica refractaria/recurrente y se utiliza en el tratamiento de primera línea en adultos.

Conclusiones:

  • Las innovaciones en el tratamiento de la LLA ofrecen mayores tasas de curación.
  • Es posible reducir la dependencia de la quimioterapia intensiva y el trasplante de células madre.
  • Se están logrando mejores resultados en diversas poblaciones de pacientes, incluidos adultos y bebés.