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Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

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Síntesis de óxido nítrico a amoníaco con casi el 100% de rendimiento por termocatálisis a presión ambiente a

Ying Qin^1,2, Junyun Gao^1,2, Bo Huang^1,2,3,4

¹School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an 712000, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 7, 2025

Resumen

Los investigadores han desarrollado un nuevo proceso termocatalítico para convertir el óxido nítrico (NO) en amoníaco (NH3). Este nuevo método ofrece una mayor eficiencia y condiciones más suaves en comparación con los procesos tradicionales, abordando los desafíos de contaminación y síntesis.

Área de la Ciencia:

Catálisis
Química del medio ambiente
Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

La contaminación por óxido nítrico (NO) es un problema medioambiental importante.
Los métodos actuales de síntesis de amoníaco (NH3), como el proceso Haber-Bosch, consumen mucha energía y funcionan en condiciones adversas.
El desarrollo de vías eficientes y sostenibles de conversión de NO a NH3 es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Descubrir una nueva reacción termocatalítica para la síntesis de NO a NH3.
Para abordar los desafíos de la contaminación por NO y la baja eficiencia de síntesis de NH3.
Explorar el rendimiento catalítico de la solución sólida OsxPt1-x/γ-Al2O3 para esta conversión.

Principales métodos:

Se ha investigado una nueva vía de reacción termocatalítica para la reducción de NO a NH3.
Se han sintetizado y caracterizado catalizadores OsxPt1-x/γ-Al2O3 en solución sólida.
Evaluación del rendimiento del catalizador a temperaturas suaves y a presión ambiente, centrándose en el rendimiento y la selectividad del NH3.

Principales resultados:

La solución sólida OsxPt1-x/γ-Al2O3 demostró un rendimiento sobresaliente en la síntesis de NO a NH3.
Os0.1Pt0.9/γ-Al2O3 alcanza hasta un 97% de rendimiento de NH3 a 200 °C bajo presión ambiente.
El catalizador exhibió un rendimiento significativamente mayor y condiciones más suaves que el proceso Haber-Bosch.
La alta actividad catalítica se atribuyó al efecto sinérgico de las disociaciones ultra rápidas de NO y H2.

Conclusiones:

Se ha establecido una nueva y eficiente vía termocatalítica para la síntesis de NO a NH3.
El catalizador Os0.1Pt0.9/γ-Al2O3 ofrece una alternativa prometedora para la producción sostenible de amoníaco.
Los hallazgos abren nuevas vías para mitigar la contaminación por NO y mejorar la tecnología de síntesis de amoníaco.

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