Jove
Visualize
Contáctanos
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ACERCA DE JoVE
Visión GeneralLiderazgoBlogCentro de Ayuda JoVE
AUTORES
Proceso de PublicaciónConsejo EditorialAlcance y PolíticasRevisión por ParesPreguntas FrecuentesEnviar
BIBLIOTECARIOS
TestimoniosSuscripcionesAccesoRecursosConsejo Asesor de BibliotecasPreguntas Frecuentes
INVESTIGACIÓN
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchivo
EDUCACIÓN
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualCentro de Recursos para ProfesoresSitio de Profesores
Términos y Condiciones de Uso
Política de Privacidad
Políticas

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.1K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.0K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.0K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.7K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.8K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.8K

También podría leer

Artículos Relacionados

Artículos vinculados a este trabajo por autores compartidos, revista y gráfico de citas.

Ordenar por
Same author

Initiating Photocontrolled Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from a Redox-Activated Functional Group.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Grafting polymer brushes from nylon surfaces <i>via</i> hydrogen atom transfer.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Surface-Initiated Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization from Isotactic Polypropylene.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

User-Friendly, Living Coordination-Insertion Polymerizations with Broad Functional Group Tolerance.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

One-Step Radical-Induced Synthesis of Graft Copolymers for Effective Compatibilization of Polyethylene and Polypropylene.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Controlled anionic polymerization mediated by carbon dioxide.

Nature chemistry·2025

Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

29.2K

Polimerización aniónica reversible de la cadena de adición-fragmentación y transferencia de metacrilatos

Paige E Jacky1, Madison A Neukirch1, Brett P Fors1

  • 1Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 11, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio introduce la polimerización por adición-fragmentación aniónica reversible por transferencia de cadena (RAFT) para metacrilatos. Este método más seguro y compatible con la temperatura ambiente utiliza menos reactivos pirofóricos y ofrece un mejor control de la síntesis de polímeros.

Más Videos Relacionados

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

22.1K
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

11.9K

Videos de Experimentos Relacionados

Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

29.2K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

22.1K
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

11.9K

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Síntesis orgánica
  • Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

  • La polimerización aniónica de metacrilatos ofrece control, pero requiere reactivos peligrosos y bajas temperaturas.
  • La mejora de la seguridad, la practicidad y la escalabilidad de estas polimerizaciones es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un método de polimerización aniónica más seguro y práctico para los metacrilatos.
  • Para reducir la dependencia de reactivos pirofóricos y permitir temperaturas de reacción más altas.
  • Para lograr una polimerización controlada utilizando un nuevo mecanismo de transferencia en cadena.

Principales métodos:

  • Se empleó la polimerización por adición-fragmentación aniónica reversible por transferencia en cadena (RAFT).
  • El 2-formil-2-fenilbutanoato de etilo se utilizó como agente de transferencia en cadena.
  • Se aprovecharon las reacciones aldólicas reversibles entre los extremos de la cadena enolada que se propagan y la CTA.

Principales resultados:

  • Se logró la polimerización controlada de varios metacrilatos.
  • Se requirieron cantidades reducidas de iniciadores reactivos de litio alquilo.
  • Las reacciones se realizaron a temperaturas elevadas en comparación con los métodos tradicionales.
  • Se obtuvieron extremos estables y aislables de la cadena de aldehído.

Conclusiones:

  • La polimerización aniónica RAFT desarrollada ofrece una alternativa más segura y escalable para la síntesis de metacrilato.
  • El método permite una arquitectura de polímeros controlada y grupos finales funcionales.
  • Los extremos de la cadena de aldehído permiten una modificación adicional del polímero, como la síntesis de copolímero en bloque.