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Clusters de un solo átomo de metal sólido-líquido para la cinética ultrarrápida en baterías de iones de carga rápida

Xin Jin¹, Mengfan Pei¹, Runyue Mao¹

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 14, 2025

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron canales de un solo átomo para superar la carga lenta en las baterías de iones de sodio. Esta innovación permite el transporte rápido de iones y mantiene una alta eficiencia inicial de Coulomb para una carga de batería más rápida y eficiente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de los materiales
La electroquímica
Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

Las baterías de iones de sodio (SIB) se enfrentan a limitaciones en la carga rápida debido a la lenta desolución y difusión de Na+.
La optimización de la interfase de electrolito sólido (SEI) es crucial, pero las arquitecturas actuales luchan con el transporte rápido simultáneo de iones y la alta eficiencia inicial de Coulomb (ICE).

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar una estrategia a nivel atómico para mejorar el transporte de iones en SIB.
Para lograr el transporte rápido simultáneo de iones a través de las fases de volumen, interfase y disolvente mientras se mantiene un ICE alto.
Para minimizar la desolución de Na+ y las barreras de difusión para la carga rápida.

Principales métodos:

Utilizando materiales reciclables para una estrategia a nivel atómico.
Coordinación de las reacciones de aleación monoatómica para formar canales monoatómicos sólido-líquido.
Autorregulación inteligente de los componentes para la interconectividad.

Principales resultados:

Alcanzó aproximadamente el 100% de ICE en SEI derivados líquidos.
Minimizar las barreras de desolución y difusión de Na+.
Demostrada alta densidad de energía (200,62 Wh kg-1 a 5 °C) y retención de capacidad (92,9% durante 500 ciclos a 7 °C).
Habilitado el 100% de la capacidad de la batería en 8 minutos a 10 C.

Conclusiones:

Los grupos de un solo átomo de metal sólido-líquido ofrecen una vía para la carga rápida a nivel atómico en SIB.
La estrategia desarrollada facilita el transporte rápido de iones a través de sistemas multifásicos.
Este enfoque abre nuevas posibilidades para los SIB de alto rendimiento.

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