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El habla interna en la corteza motora y las implicaciones para las neuroprótesis del habla
Erin M Kunz1, Benyamin Abramovich Krasa2, Foram Kamdar3
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Cell
|August 15, 2025
Resumen
Los investigadores descodificaron el lenguaje interno utilizando interfaces cerebro-computadora (BCI), y encontraron que estaba representado en la corteza motora. Esto ofrece una vía de comunicación potencial que evita los intentos de habla física para las personas con parálisis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Ingeniería biomédica
- Interacción hombre-ordenador
Sus antecedentes:
- Las interfaces cerebro-computadora del habla (BCI) tienen como objetivo restaurar la comunicación para las personas con parálisis.
- Los BCI actuales a menudo requieren intentos de habla física, que pueden ser lentos y fatigantes.
- Existen preocupaciones sobre las BCI que potencialmente decodifican el discurso interno privado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la representación neural del habla interna en la corteza motora.
- Para determinar si el discurso interno puede ser decodificado en tiempo real.
- Para explorar métodos para evitar la descodificación involuntaria del discurso interno privado.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó grabaciones de varias unidades de cuatro participantes.
- Analizó la actividad neuronal durante las tareas de habla intentadas e imaginadas.
- Estrategias desarrolladas y probadas para evitar la decodificación del discurso interno privado.
Principales resultados:
- El habla interna está representada robustamente en la corteza motora y puede ser decodificada en tiempo real.
- Las representaciones del habla interna se correlacionan con el intento de habla, con una dimensión neural distinta de "intención motora" identificada.
- La decodificación del discurso interno de forma libre se logró durante tareas cognitivas específicas (recuerdo de secuencias, conteo).
Conclusiones:
- El habla interna es un objetivo viable para las interfaces cerebro-computadora, ofreciendo potencialmente un método de comunicación menos fatigante.
- La distinción entre el intento y el habla interna es posible a través de la decodificación neuronal.
- Existen estrategias efectivas para salvaguardar los pensamientos privados de la descodificación BCI no intencional.
Palabras clave:
Interfaz cerebro-ordenadordiscusión encubiertaEl discurso interiorLa corteza motoraneuroprótesis del hablaMás Videos Relacionados
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