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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Expert Commentary on Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Neoplasia.

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A Review of Hemorrhoidal Disease-Reply.

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Cancer in the Anal Transition Zone and Ileoanal Pouch following Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis.

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Enfermedad hemorroidaria: una revisión

Jean H Ashburn1

  • 1Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

JAMA
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

La enfermedad hemorroidal afecta a millones, con tratamientos iniciales que incluyen cambios en la dieta y flebotónica. Para los síntomas persistentes, los procedimientos de oficina como la ligadura de goma son efectivos, mientras que la cirugía está reservada para casos graves.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gastroenterología
  • Cirugía colorrectal

Sus antecedentes:

  • La enfermedad hemorroidal, una patología común del conducto anal, afecta a millones, causando sangrado, dolor y prolapso.
  • Se clasifica como interna, externa o mixta, con diferentes síntomas y consideraciones de tratamiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar la patología, la clasificación y las modalidades de tratamiento de la enfermedad hemorroidal.
  • Describir las estrategias terapéuticas actuales, desde las medidas conservadoras hasta las intervenciones quirúrgicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura sobre la clasificación de la enfermedad hemorroidal y la eficacia del tratamiento.
  • Análisis del tratamiento conservador (dieta, flebotónica) y las intervenciones de procedimiento (ligación, escleroterapia, coagulación, hemorroidectomía).

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Principales resultados:

  • Los tratamientos conservadores son de primera línea, pero las tasas de recurrencia pueden ser altas.
  • Los procedimientos de oficina como la ligadura de goma muestran un alto éxito a corto plazo para las hemorroides internas.
  • La hemorroidectomía por escisión ofrece poca recurrencia pero implica una recuperación más larga.

Conclusiones:

  • El tratamiento de la enfermedad hemorroidal abarca desde cambios en el estilo de vida hasta opciones quirúrgicas.
  • Los tratamientos de procedimiento están indicados para los síntomas persistentes que no responden a los cuidados conservadores.
  • La elección del tratamiento depende del tipo de hemorroides, grado y factores del paciente.