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Un estudio cualitativo para explorar las expectativas de recuperación de los pacientes después de la cirugía de

Saurabh P Mehta¹, Liane M Ventura², James D Boone¹

¹Physical Therapy Program, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.

Musculoskeletal care

|August 20, 2025

Resumen

Comprender las expectativas del paciente antes del reemplazo total de rodilla (TKR) es crucial para la satisfacción. El asesoramiento preoperatorio debe abordar la recuperación física y psicosocial para gestionar las expectativas de manera realista.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cirugía ortopédica
Resultados informados por los pacientes
Psicología de la salud

Sus antecedentes:

El reemplazo total de rodilla (TKR) es un procedimiento común para la osteoartritis de rodilla en etapa terminal.
La insatisfacción del paciente puede ocurrir a pesar de los resultados clínicos favorables, lo que pone de relieve el papel de las expectativas.
Las expectativas preoperatorias influyen significativamente en la satisfacción y la percepción de recuperación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para explorar las expectativas preoperatorias de los pacientes programados para TKR.
Comprender los resultados previstos de la recuperación y las mejoras percibidas en la vida diaria.
Identificar los ámbitos clave de las expectativas de los pacientes con respecto a la RCT.

Principales métodos:

Diseño descriptivo cualitativo que utiliza entrevistas semiestructuradas.
Se entrevistó a nueve participantes en espera de la TKR primaria.
Análisis de contenido inductivo, categorizado utilizando el marco de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud (ICF).

Principales resultados:

Fuertes expectativas para aliviar el dolor, mejorar la movilidad y volver a actividades significativas.
Las expectativas abarcaron factores contextuales, la función corporal, la actividad y la participación.
Algunas expectativas, como la eliminación completa del dolor, pueden exceder los resultados típicos.

Conclusiones:

Comprender las expectativas previas a la TKR es vital para la atención centrada en el paciente.
El asesoramiento preoperatorio debe abarcar la recuperación física y psicosocial para gestionar las expectativas.
Los hallazgos apoyan el desarrollo de intervenciones para mejorar la satisfacción y la recuperación del paciente con TKR.

Palabras clave:

las expectativas Osteoartritis de la rodilla estudio cualitativo sustitución total de la rodilla

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