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Asociaciones longitudinales entre la intensidad de la actividad física y los problemas de salud mental en jóvenes con
Jinming Li1, Fabian Herold2, Yanxia Chen3
1Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Applied psychology. Health and well-being
|August 20, 2025
Resumen
Una mayor actividad física de moderada a vigorosa (MVPA) en jóvenes con sobrepeso u obesidad a los 7 años predijo mejores resultados de salud mental más adelante. La actividad física de intensidad luminosa (APL) se relacionó con más problemas de externalización en la adolescencia temprana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pediátrica
- Investigación en salud mental
- Ciencias del ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- El sobrepeso/obesidad en los jóvenes está relacionado con problemas de salud mental.
- La actividad física puede mitigar estos riesgos.
- Los efectos específicos de la intensidad de la PA en las trayectorias de la salud mental en esta población son insuficientemente investigados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la intensidad de la PA a los 7 años predice los resultados de salud mental a los 11 y 14 años en jóvenes con sobrepeso u obesidad.
- Diferenciar el impacto de la PA de intensidad moderada a intensa (MVPA) frente a la PA de intensidad luminosa (LPA).
Principales métodos:
- Estudio longitudinal en el que se utilizaron datos del estudio de cohorte del milenio (N=858).
- PA medida por acelerómetro clasificado en MVPA y LPA.
- Resultados de salud mental evaluados utilizando el Cuestionario de fortalezas y dificultades (SDQ).
Principales resultados:
- Un MVPA más alto a los 7 años predijo menos problemas de internalización a los 11 y 14 años.
- El efecto positivo de MVPA en los problemas de los pares se fortaleció con el tiempo.
- Un LPA más alto a los 7 años se asoció con un aumento de problemas de externalización (especialmente hiperactividad) a los 11 años, pero no de manera confiable a los 14 años.
Conclusiones:
- La promoción del MVPA en jóvenes con sobrepeso u obesidad es crucial para apoyar trayectorias positivas de salud mental.
- Los estudios de intervención son necesarios para establecer la causalidad entre la intensidad de la PA y los resultados de salud mental.
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