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Evaluación transversal de pacientes con tos refractaria o crónica inexplicable por pulmonólogos de consultorio en
Peter Kardos1, Heinrich Worth2, Ulrich Koehler3
1Lungenzentrum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Frontiers in medicine
|August 20, 2025
Resumen
La tos refractaria crónica (RCC) y la tos crónica inexplicable (UCC) afectan al 0,21% y al 0,64% de la población alemana, respectivamente. Este estudio destaca una mayor prevalencia en las mujeres y un largo retraso en el diagnóstico de estas afecciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Pulmonología
- Epidemiología
- Medicina Clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- La tos crónica (TC) es una queja clínica común.
- La tos refractaria crónica y la tos crónica inexplicable son entidades distintas definidas por las directrices europeas.
- Anteriormente no se conocía la prevalencia de RCC/ UCC en los entornos de pulmonología ambulatoriales alemanes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la prevalencia del CCR/CCU en pacientes adultos atendidos por pulmonólogos en Alemania.
- Identificar los datos demográficos de los pacientes y los tratamientos comunes para el CCR/CCU.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio transversal de observación en 16 consultorios de pulmonología alemanes.
- Se incluyeron pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de CCR o CCR; se excluyeron los fumadores activos.
- La prevalencia fue analizada basándose en las directrices del DGP.
Principales resultados:
- De los 22.140 pacientes examinados, 421 eran elegibles y 226 cumplían con los criterios de RCC/ UCC.
- Las estimaciones de prevalencia de RCC/UCC en Alemania fueron de 0,21% y 0,64%, respectivamente.
- La mayoría de los pacientes eran mujeres (71,3%), siendo la tos crónica resistente al tratamiento (TRCC) la más común (77,9%), a menudo relacionada con el asma o la ERGE. El retraso en el diagnóstico fue de 6,4 años en promedio.
Conclusiones:
- Este es el primer estudio para estimar la prevalencia de RCC/UCC en pacientes ambulatorios de atención secundaria en Alemania.
- Se observó una mayor prevalencia en las mujeres, con retrasos significativos en el diagnóstico.
- Los hallazgos hacen hincapié en la necesidad de mejorar las estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas para el CCR/CCU.
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